BACKGROUND The remission of Crohn's disease (CD) can be accomplished by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, this procedure has a low success rate, which could be attributed to mis-communication between recipient intestinal mucosa and donor microbiota. METHODS Here we used a human explant tissue model and an in vivo mouse model to examine changes in recipient intestinal mucosa upon contact with a faecal suspension (FS) obtained from a healthy donor. CD patients provided resected inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal tissues, whereas control colonic mucosa samples were collected from colorectal cancer patients. For the models, mucosal microbiome composition and tissue response were evaluated. FINDINGS We show that cytokine release and tissue damage were significantly greater in inflamed compared to non-inflamed CD tissues. Moreover, mucosal samples harbouring an initial low microbial load presented a shift in composition towards that of the FS, an increase in the relative count of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a higher secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 compared to those with a high microbial load. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that FMT during active inflammatory disease can compromise treatment outcome. We recommend the stratification of FMT recipients on the basis of tissue microbial load as a strategy to ensure successful colonization. FUNDING This study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III/FEDER (PI17/00614), the European Commission: (INCOMED-267128) and PERIS (SLT002/16). K.M. is a postdoctoral fellow and S.V. a senior clinical investigator of the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, Belgium (FWO-Vlaanderen).

中文翻译：

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克罗恩病的粘膜微生物负荷：粪便微生物群移植反应的潜在预测指标。

背景技术克罗恩氏病（CD）的缓解可以通过粪便微生物群移植（FMT）来实现。但是，此过程的成功率很低，这可能归因于受体肠粘膜和供体微生物群之间的沟通不畅。方法在这里，我们使用了人类外植体组织模型和体内小鼠模型，研究了从健康供体获得的粪便悬浮液（FS）接触后受体肠粘膜的变化。CD患者提供切除的发炎和未发炎的粘膜组织，而对照结肠粘膜样品则从结直肠癌患者中收集。对于模型，评估了粘膜微生物组组成和组织反应。结果我们发现，发炎的细胞因子释放和组织损伤比未发炎的CD组织要大得多。此外，与具有高微生物负荷的那些相比，最初具有较低微生物负荷的粘膜样品的组成向FS转移，使prausnitzii费氏细菌的相对计数增加，并且抗炎细胞因子IL-10的分泌更高。解释我们的结果表明，活动性炎症期间的FMT可能会损害治疗结果。我们建议根据组织微生物负荷对FMT受体进行分层，以确保成功定植。资金这项研究得到了Salud Carlos III / FEDER研究所（PI17 / 00614），欧洲委员会（INCOMED-267128）和PERIS（SLT002 / 16）的资助。KM是比利时法兰德斯科学研究基金会（FWO-Vlaanderen）的博士后研究员，而SV是高级临床研究人员。