Stress has been defined as any environmental factor that impairs the growth of a living organism. High concentrations of ethanol, sugars and SO2 as well as temperature variations occurring during winemaking processes are some recognized stress factors that yeasts must overcome in order to avoid stuck or sluggish fermentations. At least two of these factors -sugar and ethanol concentrations- are strongly influenced by the global warming, which become them a worry for the future years in the winemaking industry. One of the most interesting strategies to face this complex situation is the generation of hybrids possessing, in a single yeast strain, a broader range of stress factors tolerance than their parents. In the present study, we evaluated four artificial hybrids generated with S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and S. eubayanus using a non-GMO-generating method, in their tolerance to a set of winemaking stress factors. Their capacity to overcome specific artificial winemaking situations associated with global warming was also analyzed. All four hybrids were able to grow in a wider temperature range (8-37 °C) than their parents. Hybrids showed intermediate tolerance to higher ethanol, sugar and sulphite concentrations than their parents. Additionally, the hybrids showed an excellent fermentative behaviour in musts containing high fructose concentrations at low temperature as well as under a condition mimicking a stuck fermentation.

中文翻译：

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酿酒酵母/ S。酿酒酵母的耐性遗传。桉树×酿酒酵母人工杂交。

压力已被定义为任何会损害生物体生长的环境因素。高浓度的乙醇，糖和二氧化硫以及酿酒过程中发生的温度变化是酵母必须克服的一些公认的压力因素，以避免发酵停滞或缓慢。这些因素中至少有两个因素-糖和乙醇浓度-受全球变暖的强烈影响，这成为酿酒行业未来几年的担忧。面对这种复杂情况的最有趣的策略之一是，在单个酵母菌株中产生的杂种比其亲本具有更大的胁迫因子耐受性。在本研究中，我们评估了由酿酒酵母，葡萄球菌和葡萄球菌产生的四种人工杂种。桉树使用非转基因方法，可以耐受一系列酿酒压力因素。还分析了它们克服与全球变暖有关的特定人工酿酒情况的能力。所有四个杂种都能比其亲本在更宽的温度范围（8-37°C）下生长。杂种表现出比其亲本更高的乙醇，糖和亚硫酸盐浓度的中等耐受性。此外，杂种在低温下以及模拟发酵停滞的条件下，在含有高果糖浓度的葡萄汁中表现出出色的发酵性能。所有四个杂种都能比其亲本在更宽的温度范围（8-37°C）中生长。杂种表现出比其亲本更高的乙醇，糖和亚硫酸盐浓度的中等耐受性。此外，杂种在低温下以及模拟发酵停滞的条件下，在含有高果糖浓度的葡萄汁中表现出出色的发酵性能。所有四个杂种都能比其亲本在更宽的温度范围（8-37°C）下生长。杂种表现出比其亲本更高的乙醇，糖和亚硫酸盐浓度的中等耐受性。此外，杂种在低温下以及模拟发酵停滞的条件下，在含有高果糖浓度的葡萄汁中表现出出色的发酵性能。