The preparation of carbon aerogel monoliths (CAMs) with low density, low thermal conductivity and high strength concurrently is a challenge, which restricts their application in the field of ultra-high thermal insulation. Acid and basic two-step catalysis was successfully used for preparing the low density CAMs with both high strength and low thermal conductivity. The linear phenolic oligomers originated from acid catalysis were fastened tightly to become robust skeleton architecture through later crosslinking polymerization resulted from base catalysis. The strong nanoporous structure can afford the capillary force during ambient drying and shrink little to obtain low density CAMs with high specific surface area, and endows the CAMs with high compressive strength. With no need to prepare composites, the failure strength and elastic modulus of pure CAMs can reach 1.76 MPa and 29.73 MPa, respectively, with the specific surface area of 689 m²/g and pore volume of 2.122 cm³/g. Moreover, the thermal insulation property of this CAM is very outstanding with the thermal conductivity at 2000 °C under 0.1 MPa argon atmosphere 0.809 W/(m•K), which is lower than commercially available carbon aerogel filled foam and carbon foam.

同时制备具有低密度，低导热性和高强度的碳气凝胶单块（CAM）是一个挑战，这限制了它们在超高绝热领域中的应用。酸和碱性两步催化已成功用于制备具有高强度和低导热率的低密度CAM。源自酸催化的线性酚醛低聚物被紧紧固定，通过后来的碱催化交联聚合反应成为坚固的骨架结构。坚固的纳米孔结构可以在环境干燥过程中提供毛细作用力，并且几乎不收缩以获得具有高比表面积的低密度CAM，并赋予CAM高抗压强度。无需准备复合材料，² / g，孔体积为2.122 cm ³ / g。此外，该CAM的隔热性能非常优异，在0.1 MPa的氩气气氛下于2000°C下的热导率为0.809 W /（m•K），这比市售的碳气凝胶填充泡沫和碳泡沫要低。