Much of the global cooling during ice ages arose from changes in ocean carbon storage that lowered atmospheric CO2. A slew of mechanisms, both physical and biological, have been proposed as key drivers of these changes. Here we discuss the current understanding of these mechanisms with a focus on how they altered the theoretically defined soft-tissue and biological disequilibrium carbon storage at the peak of the last ice age. Observations and models indicate a role for Antarctic sea ice through its influence on ocean circulation patterns, but other mechanisms, including changes in biological processes, must have been important as well, and may have been coordinated through links with global air temperature. Further research is required to better quantify the contributions of the various mechanisms, and there remains great potential to use the Last Glacial Maximum and the ensuing global warming as natural experiments from which to learn about climate-driven changes in the marine ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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最后一次冰河期末的生物泵。

在冰河时期，全球大部分降温源于海洋碳储量的变化，这降低了大气中的二氧化碳。已经提出了一系列物理和生物机制，作为这些变化的主要驱动力。在这里，我们讨论当前对这些机制的理解，重点是它们如何改变理论上定义的上一个冰河时代高峰期的软组织和生物不平衡碳的存储量。观测和模型表明，南极海冰通过影响海洋环流模式而发挥了作用，但是其他机制，包括生物过程的变化，也必须很重要，并且可能已经通过与全球气温的联系进行了协调。需要进一步研究以更好地量化各种机制的贡献，