Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are inherently crystalline, brittle porous solids. Conversely, polymers are flexible, malleable, and processable solids that are used for a broad range of commonly used technologies. The stark differences between the nature of MOFs and polymers has motivated efforts to hybridize crystalline MOFs and flexible polymers to produce composites that retain the desired properties of these disparate materials. Importantly, studies have shown that MOFs can be used to influence polymer structure, and polymers can be used to modulate MOF growth and characteristics. In this Review, we highlight the development and recent advances in the synthesis of MOF-polymer mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) and applications of these MMMs in gas and liquid separations and purifications, including aqueous applications such as dye removal, toxic heavy metal sequestration, and desalination. Other elegant ways of synthesizing MOF-polymer hybrid materials, such as grafting polymers to and from MOFs, polymerization of polymers within MOFs, using polymers to template MOFs, and the bottom-up synthesis of polyMOFs and polyMOPs are also discussed. This review highlights recent papers in the advancement of MOF-polymer hybrid materials, as well as seminal reports that significantly advanced the field.

中文翻译：

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MOF-聚合物混合材料：从简单的复合材料到量身定制的体系结构。

金属有机骨架（MOF）本质上是结晶的，易碎的多孔固体。相反，聚合物是柔性的，可延展的和可加工的固体，可用于多种常用技术。MOF和聚合物的性质之间的显着差异促使人们努力使结晶MOF和柔性聚合物杂交，以生产保留这些不同材料所需特性的复合材料。重要的是，研究表明，MOF可用于影响聚合物的结构，而聚合物可用于调节MOF的生长和特性。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了MOF-聚合物混合基质膜（MMM）的合成以及这些MMM在气体和液体分离和纯化中的应用（包括水性应用，例如染料去除，有毒的重金属螯合和淡化。还讨论了合成MOF-聚合物杂化材料的其他巧妙方法，例如在MOF之间接枝聚合物，MOF中聚合物的聚合，使用聚合物作为MOF的模板以及polyMOF和polyMOP的自下而上的合成。这篇综述重点介绍了MOF-聚合物杂化材料的最新进展，以及在该领域取得重大进展的开创性报告。