The gut microbiome, the collection of 100 trillion microorganisms that resides in the intestinal lumen, plays major roles in modulating host physiology. One well-established function of the gut microbiota is that of colonization resistance or the ability of the microbial collective to protect the host against enteric pathogens. Although evidence suggests that these microbes may outcompete some pathogens, there remains a lack of mechanistic understanding that underlies this competitive exclusion. In recent years, there has been great interest in small-molecule metabolites that are produced by the gut microbiota and in understanding how these molecules regulate host-pathogen interactions. In this review, we briefly summarize these findings by focusing on several classes of metabolites that mediate this important process. Understanding these host-microbe interactions in the gut may lead to identification of potential candidates for the development of prophylactics and therapeutics for many infectious diseases that are impacted by the gut microbiome.

中文翻译：

---

肠道微生物代谢组抗定植的化学机制。

肠道微生物组是驻留在肠腔中的100万亿种微生物的集合，在调节宿主生理中起着重要作用。肠道微生物区系的一项已确立的功能是定植抗性或微生物集体保护宿主抵抗肠道病原体的能力。尽管有证据表明这些微生物可能会胜过某些病原体，但仍然缺乏机械竞争的理解，这是竞争排斥的基础。近年来，人们对肠道菌群产生的小分子代谢物以及了解这些分子如何调节宿主与病原体的相互作用产生了极大的兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们通过集中在介导这一重要过程的几类代谢物上来简要总结这些发现。