Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies suggest an association between beta (13-30 Hz) power and reversal learning performance. In search for direct evidence concerning the involvement of beta oscillations in reversal learning, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was applied in a double-blind, sham-controlled and between-subjects design. Exogenous oscillatory currents were administered bilaterally to the frontal cortex at 20 Hz with an intensity of 1 mA peak-to-peak and the effects on reward-punishment based reversal learning were evaluated in hundred-and-eight healthy volunteers. Pre- and post-tACS resting state EEG recordings were analyzed. Results showed that beta-tACS improved rule implementation during reversal learning and decreases left and right resting-state frontal theta/beta EEG ratios following tACS. Our findings provide the first behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for exogenous 20 Hz oscillatory electric field potentials administered over to the frontal cortex to improve reversal learning.

中文翻译：

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额叶β经颅交流电刺激可改善逆转学习。

脑电图 (EEG) 研究表明 beta (13-30 Hz) 功率与反向学习性能之间存在关联。为了寻找有关 β 振荡参与逆转学习的直接证据，经颅交流电刺激 (tACS) 被应用于双盲、假控制和受试者间设计。外源性振荡电流以 20 Hz 的频率以 1 mA 的峰峰值双侧施加到额叶皮层，并在 18 名健康志愿者中评估了对基于奖惩的逆转学习的影响。分析了 tACS 之前和之后的静息状态 EEG 记录。结果表明，β-tACS 改善了逆转学习期间的规则实施，并降低了 tACS 后左右静息状态的额叶 theta/β EEG 比率。