Inside out: microbiota dynamics during host-plant adaptation of whiteflies.,The ISME Journal

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Inside out: microbiota dynamics during host-plant adaptation of whiteflies.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0576-8
Diego Santos-Garcia ₁ , Natividad Mestre-Rincon ₁ , Einat Zchori-Fein ₂ , Shai Morin ₁

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While most insect herbivores are selective feeders, a small proportion of them feed on a wide range of plants. This polyphagous habit requires overcoming a remarkable array of defenses, which often necessitates an adaptation period. Efforts for understanding the mechanisms involved mostly focus on the insect's phenotypic plasticity. Here, we hypothesized that the adaptation process might partially rely on transient associations with bacteria. To test this, we followed in a field-like experiment, the adaptation process of Bemisia tabaci, a generalist sap feeder, to pepper (a less-suitable host), after switching from watermelon (a suitable host). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts from hundreds of dissected guts revealed the presence of active "core" and "transient" bacterial communities, dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, and increasing differences between populations grown on watermelon and pepper. Insects grown on pepper for over two generations presented a significant increase in specific genera, mainly Mycobacterium, with a predicted enrichment in degradative pathways of xenobiotics and secondary metabolites. This result correlated with a significant increase in the insect's survival on pepper. Taken together, our findings suggest that gut-associated bacteria can provide an additional flexible metabolic "tool-box" to generalist sap feeders for facilitating a quick host switching process.

中文翻译：

由内而外：粉虱寄主植物适应过程中的微生物群动力学。

虽然大多数昆虫食草动物是选择性饲养者，但其中一小部分以多种植物为食。这种多食的习惯需要克服一系列显着的防御，这通常需要一段适应期。了解所涉及机制的努力主要集中在昆虫的表型可塑性上。在这里，我们假设适应过程可能部分依赖于与细菌的短暂关联。为了测试这一点，我们进行了一项类似田间的实验，即在从西瓜（合适的寄主）转换后，烟粉虱（一种通用的汁液饲养者）对辣椒（不太合适的寄主）的适应过程。来自数百个解剖肠道的 16S rRNA 转录物的扩增子测序揭示了活跃的“核心”和“瞬时”细菌群落的存在，以变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门为主，西瓜和辣椒上生长的种群之间的差异越来越大。在辣椒上生长了两代以上的昆虫在特定属（主要是分枝杆菌）中出现了显着增加，并预测在异生物质和次生代谢物的降解途径中富集。这一结果与昆虫在辣椒上的存活率显着增加有关。总之，我们的研究结果表明，肠道相关细菌可以为通用的汁液饲养者提供额外的灵活代谢“工具箱”，以促进快速宿主转换过程。在辣椒上生长了两代以上的昆虫在特定属（主要是分枝杆菌）中出现了显着增加，并预测在异生物质和次生代谢物的降解途径中富集。这一结果与昆虫在辣椒上的存活率显着增加有关。总之，我们的研究结果表明，肠道相关细菌可以为通用的汁液饲养者提供额外的灵活代谢“工具箱”，以促进快速宿主转换过程。在辣椒上生长了两代以上的昆虫在特定属（主要是分枝杆菌）中出现了显着增加，并预测在异生物质和次生代谢物的降解途径中富集。这一结果与昆虫在辣椒上的存活率显着增加有关。总之，我们的研究结果表明，肠道相关细菌可以为通用的汁液饲养者提供额外的灵活代谢“工具箱”，以促进快速宿主转换过程。

更新日期：2020-01-17

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