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Regulation of fungal decomposition at single-cell level.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0583-9
Michiel Op De Beeck 1 , Carl Troein 2 , Syahril Siregar 2 , Luigi Gentile 1, 3 , Giuseppe Abbondanza 4 , Carsten Peterson 2 , Per Persson 1, 5 , Anders Tunlid 1
Affiliation  

Filamentous fungi play a key role as decomposers in Earth's nutrient cycles. In soils, substrates are heterogeneously distributed in microenvironments. Hence, individual hyphae of a mycelium may experience very different environmental conditions simultaneously. In the current work, we investigated how fungi cope with local environmental variations at single-cell level. We developed a method based on infrared spectroscopy that allows the direct, in-situ chemical imaging of the decomposition activity of individual hyphal tips. Colonies of the ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Paxillus involutus were grown on liquid media, while parts of colonies were allowed to colonize lignin patches. Oxidative decomposition of lignin by individual hyphae growing under different conditions was followed for a period of seven days. We identified two sub-populations of hyphal tips: one with low decomposition activity and one with much higher activity. Active cells secreted more extracellular polymeric substances and oxidized lignin more strongly. The ratio of active to inactive hyphae strongly depended on the environmental conditions in lignin patches, but was further mediated by the decomposition activity of entire mycelia. Phenotypic heterogeneity occurring between genetically identical hyphal tips may be an important strategy for filamentous fungi to cope with heterogeneous and constantly changing soil environments.

中文翻译:


单细胞水平的真菌分解调节。



丝状真菌作为地球营养循环中的分解者发挥着关键作用。在土壤中,基质在微环境中分布不均匀。因此,菌丝体的各个菌丝可能同时经历非常不同的环境条件。在当前的工作中,我们研究了真菌如何在单细胞水平上应对局部环境变化。我们开发了一种基于红外光谱的方法,可以对单个菌丝尖端的分解活动进行直接的原位化学成像。外生菌根担子菌卷曲桩霉的菌落在液体培养基上生长,同时允许部分菌落定殖于木质素斑块上。在不同条件下生长的单个菌丝对木质素的氧化分解进行了 7 天的跟踪。我们确定了菌丝尖端的两个亚群:一种具有较低的分解活性,另一种具有较高的活性。活性细胞分泌更多的胞外聚合物,氧化木质素更强烈。活性菌丝与非活性菌丝的比例很大程度上取决于木质素斑块中的环境条件,但进一步受到整个菌丝体分解活性的调节。遗传相同的菌丝尖端之间发生的表型异质性可能是丝状真菌应对异质且不断变化的土壤环境的重要策略。
更新日期:2020-01-17
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