Cognitive reserve has been described as offering protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions, but also against age-associated brain changes. Using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we defined cognitive reserve using the residual reserve index: episodic memory performance residualized for 3T MRI-derived brain volumes and demographics. We examined whether cognitive reserve predicted executive function (EF) decline equally across 2 groups of older adults-AD biomarker-positive (n = 468) and -negative (n = 402)-defined by the tau-to-amyloid ratio in cerebrospinal fluid. A significant interaction between the residual reserve index and biomarker group revealed that the effect of cognitive reserve on EF decline was dependent on pathology status. In the biomarker-positive group, higher cognitive reserve predicted EF decline over five years. However, cognitive reserve did not predict EF decline in the biomarker-negative group. These results suggest a certain level of AD pathology may be needed before cognitive reserve exerts its protective effects on future cognition; however, further research that tracks cognitive reserve longitudinally is needed.

中文翻译：

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认知储备预测患有阿尔茨海默病病理但不与年龄相关的病理的老年人未来执行功能下降

认知储备被描述为提供针对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和其他神经退行性疾病的保护，但也针对与年龄相关的大脑变化提供保护。使用来自阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划的数据，我们使用剩余储备指数定义了认知储备：3T MRI 衍生的脑容量和人口统计数据的情景记忆表现。我们检查了认知储备预测执行功能 (EF) 在两组老年人中是否同样下降 - AD 生物标志物阳性 (n = 468) 和阴性 (n = 402) - 由脑脊液中的 tau 蛋白与淀粉样蛋白的比率定义. 剩余储备指数和生物标志物组之间的显着相互作用表明，认知储备对 EF 下降的影响取决于病理状态。在生物标志物阳性组中，较高的认知储备预测五年内EF下降。然而，认知储备并不能预测生物标志物阴性组的 EF 下降。这些结果表明，在认知储备对未来认知发挥保护作用之前，可能需要一定程度的 AD 病理学；然而，需要进一步研究纵向跟踪认知储备。