Abstract In this study, we report a facile carbonization combined with etching strategy to synthesize N, S and O tri-doping activated carbon from biomass by-product waste — helianthus pallet. After pre‑carbonization and etching with KOH, the achieved carbon material exhibits unique template-like microarchitecture and possesses high doping contents of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. When tested as electroactive material in supercapacitors, the optimal electrode possesses a specific capacitance of 357 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Even cycled at 50 A g−1 of current density, the electrode still maintains a specific capacitance of 262 F g−1. The synergistic effect between the tri-doping elements, low etching temperature and template-like architecture is responsible for the superior electrochemical performances. The typical long cycling life, good rate capability and excellent cycling stability (~98.4% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1) of asymmetric supercapacitor endow the present bio-waste based material a promising application value in supercapacitors.

中文翻译：

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源自向日葵托盘的模板状 N、S 和 O 三掺杂活性炭作为超级电容器的高性能材料

摘要 在这项研究中，我们报告了一种简便的碳化结合蚀刻策略，以从生物质副产品废物 - 向日葵托盘中合成 N、S 和 O 三掺杂活性炭。经过预碳化和 KOH 蚀刻后，所获得的碳材料呈现出独特的模板状微结构，并具有高掺杂量的氧、氮和硫。当在超级电容器中作为电活性材料进行测试时，最佳电极在 0.5 A g-1 的电流密度下具有 357 F g-1 的比电容。即使在 50 A g-1 的电流密度下循环，电极仍保持 262 F g-1 的比电容。三掺杂元素、低蚀刻温度和类模板结构之间的协同效应是优异的电化学性能的原因。典型的长循环寿命，