For the purpose of the current study, hairy root induction in S. bornmuelleri, which is an important medicinal plant, was examined using a particular protocol. Accordingly, some factors such as four strain types of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, A13, MSU440 and ATCC15834), three different explants, namely stem, petiole and leaf, two co-cultivation media, i.e. full and half-MS were studied. Besides, two inoculation methods including injection and immersion as well as three inoculation times (5, 7 and 10 min) were closely taken into account. Utilizing injection method by MSU440 strain, hairy root induction took place in stem explants, and a remarkable increase in transformation frequency (100%) was observed in half-strength MS medium. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 μM), methyl-b-cyclodextrin (b-CD, 0.7, 7 and 14 mM) and Chitosan (Chi, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) were used either individually or in a combined way to elicitation. Based on the HPLC results, production of chrysin, wogonin and baicalein increased 9.15, 10.56 and 13.25 times after elicitation of hairy roots by MeJA + Chi. In addition, transcripts of FNSП2 and MYB7, two important genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, were studies. By applying Chi and MeJA + Chi elicitor, the expression of both genes increased noticeably. It can be concluded that the mentioned hairy root culture system of S. bornmuelleri can be an alternative to flavonoids production. Moreover, there is a direct and positive relationship between the expression of FNSП2 and MYB7 genes as well as the level of three flavonoids.

中文翻译：

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黄毛状根培养物中黄酮的生成通过诱导子诱导MYB7和FNSП2基因的过表达而增强。

出于当前研究的目的，使用特定的方案检查了作为重要药用植物的S.bornmuelleri中毛状根的诱导。因此，研究了一些因素，例如发根农杆菌的四种菌株类型（A4，A13，MSU440和ATCC15834），三种不同的外植体，即茎，叶柄和叶，两种共培养培养基，即全MS和半MS。此外，还密切考虑了两种接种方法，包括注射和浸入以及三种接种时间（5、7和10分钟）。利用MSU440菌株的注射方法，在茎外植体中发生了毛状根诱导，并且在半强度MS培养基中观察到转化频率显着增加（100％）。茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA，100μM），甲基-b-环糊精（b-CD，0.7、7和14 mM）和壳聚糖（Chi，50，100和200 mg / l）单独使用或组合使用。根据HPLC结果，通过MeJA + Chi诱导毛状根后，chrysin，wogonin和baicalein的产量分别增加了9.15、10.56和13.25倍。此外，还研究了FNSП2和MYB7的转录本，这两个重要的基因参与类黄酮生物合成途径。通过应用Chi和MeJA + Chi激发子，两个基因的表达均显着增加。可以得出结论，提到的S.bornmuelleri毛状根培养系统可以替代类黄酮的生产。此外，FNSП2和MYB7基因的表达与三种类黄酮的水平之间存在直接和正向关系。MeJA + Chi引起毛根根后，wogonin和baicalein分别增加了9.15、10.56和13.25倍。此外，还研究了FNSП2和MYB7的转录本，这两个重要的基因参与类黄酮生物合成途径。通过应用Chi和MeJA + Chi激发子，两个基因的表达均显着增加。可以得出结论，提到的S.bornmuelleri毛状根培养系统可以替代类黄酮的生产。此外，FNSП2和MYB7基因的表达与三种类黄酮的水平之间存在直接和正向关系。MeJA + Chi引起毛根根后，wogonin和baicalein分别增加了9.15、10.56和13.25倍。此外，还研究了FNSП2和MYB7的转录本，这两个重要的基因参与类黄酮生物合成途径。通过应用Chi和MeJA + Chi激发子，两个基因的表达均显着增加。可以得出结论，提到的S.bornmuelleri毛状根培养系统可以替代类黄酮的生产。此外，FNSП2和MYB7基因的表达与三种类黄酮的水平之间存在直接和正向关系。通过应用Chi和MeJA + Chi激发子，两个基因的表达均显着增加。可以得出结论，上述的S.bornmuelleri毛状根培养系统可以替代类黄酮的生产。此外，FNSП2和MYB7基因的表达与三种类黄酮的水平之间存在直接和正向关系。通过应用Chi和MeJA + Chi激发子，两个基因的表达均显着增加。可以得出结论，提到的S.bornmuelleri毛状根培养系统可以替代类黄酮的生产。此外，FNSП2和MYB7基因的表达与三种类黄酮的水平之间存在直接和正向关系。