Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) once used as a surfactant in the polymerization of chemicals. Because of its ubiquitous nature and long half-life, PFOA is commonly detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans. While skin exposure to PFOA is of concern, studies evaluating the immunotoxicity of dermal exposure are lacking. These studies evaluated the immunotoxicity of PFOA (0.5-2% w/v, or 12.5-50 mg/kg/dose) following dermal exposure using a murine model. PFOA (0.5-2%) was not identified to be an irritant or sensitizer using the local lymph node assay. The IgM antibody response to sheep red blood cell. was significantly reduced in the spleen following 4-days of dermal exposure (2%). PFOA exposure produced a significant decrease in thymus (1 and 2%) and spleen (0.5-2%) weight along with an increase in liver weight (0.5-2%). Immune cell phenotyping identified a reduction in the frequency (1 and 2%) and number (0.5-2%) of splenic B-cells. To further define the mechanism of immunotoxicity, gene expression was also evaluated in the skin. The findings support a potential involvement of the nuclear receptor PPARα. These results demonstrate that dermal exposure to PFOA is immunotoxic and raise concern about potential adverse effects from dermal exposure.

中文翻译：

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在小鼠模型中局部应用全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 诱导的免疫毒性和过敏潜力。


全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 是一种全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，曾在化学品聚合中用作表面活性剂。由于其普遍存在且半衰期长，PFOA 在环境、野生动物和人类中普遍存在。虽然皮肤接触 PFOA 值得关注，但缺乏评估皮肤接触免疫毒性的研究。这些研究使用小鼠模型评估了 PFOA（0.5-2% w/v，或 12.5-50 mg/kg/剂量）在皮肤暴露后的免疫毒性。使用局部淋巴结检测未发现 PFOA (0.5-2%) 是刺激物或致敏剂。 IgM 抗体对绵羊红细胞的反应。经皮暴露 4 天后，脾脏中的含量显着减少 (2%)。 PFOA 暴露导致胸腺（1% 和 2%）和脾脏（0.5-2%）重量显着下降，同时肝脏重量增加（0.5-2%）。免疫细胞表型分析发现脾 B 细胞的频率（1% 和 2%）和数量（0.5-2%）减少。为了进一步明确免疫毒性机制，还评估了皮肤中的基因表达。这些发现支持核受体 PPARα 的潜在参与。这些结果表明，皮肤接触 PFOA 具有免疫毒性，并引起人们对皮肤接触潜在不利影响的担忧。