Biomass-derived nanomaterials are becoming increasingly attractive if not indispensable in both academic and industrial fields within the past decades, coupled with growing interest in green chemistry and renewable energy. The profitable utilization of biomass for the development of functional materials has yielded immense promising research output, which has enabled multiple applications in various realms. This review focuses on major eco-friendly and green synthetic approaches and applications of nanomaterials prepared from biomass sources. In particular, abundant active functional groups and intricate biostructures as well as sophisticated organic frameworks hailing from biomass, which endow the as-prepared nanomaterials with unique properties and functionalities have been elaborated upon. Encompassing extensive aspects of biomass-derived nanomaterials, a number of factors including size, shape, morphology and structure have also been summarized and discussed. In the end, an outlook on the opportunities and challenges in the future research on the beneficial exploitation of biomass is rendered.

在过去的几十年中，生物质衍生的纳米材料在学术和工业领域都变得越来越有吸引力，即使不是必不可少的，同时，人们对绿色化学和可再生能源的兴趣也越来越高。生物质用于功能材料开发的有利可图利用已产生了巨大的有希望的研究成果，这使得它在各个领域中都有多种应用。这篇综述着重于主要的生态友好和绿色合成方法以及由生物质来源制备的纳米材料的应用。特别地，已经阐述了丰富的活性官能团和复杂的生物结构以及从生物质中散发出来的复杂的有机骨架，这些赋予了所制备的纳米材料独特的特性和功能。涵盖了生物质衍生的纳米材料的广泛方面，包括尺寸，形状，形态和结构在内的许多因素也得到了总结和讨论。最后，展望了对生物质有益开发的未来研究中的机遇与挑战。