Abstract Owing to the low cost and indefinite availability of sodium resources, rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are now being considered as the most appealing alternatives to their lithium-ion counterparts for large scale applications. On the other hand, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have emerged as potential candidates of SIB anodes due to their versatile material species, ample abundance, low cost, robust nature and high theoretical capacities. However, TMCs still face several challenges like severe volume changes during sodiation/desodiation, inadequate conductivities and large-scale productions. Hence, many traditional and unconventional techniques have been developed to mitigate these issues and obtain high quality electrode materials for practical applications. In this review, recent progress and the rectification stratagems of the problems of TMCs have been summarized firstly. Then, a detailed comparison of transition metal selenides with sulfide TMCs family members was provided to investigate the factors which govern the relative performance improvements of selenides. Besides this, multiple transition metals containing TMCs (M-TMCs) have exhibited intriguingly better performances compared to mono-metal TMCs. Hence, various inspirational features of M-TMCs were discussed. As an outcome of these discussions, we were able to outline several outlooks and prospective solutions for the rectification of potential challenges of TMC anode materials.

中文翻译：

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用于钠储存的过渡金属硫属化物阳极

摘要 由于钠资源的低成本和无限期的可用性，可充电钠离子电池（SIBs）现在被认为是大规模应用锂离子电池最有吸引力的替代品。另一方面，过渡金属硫属化物（TMCs）由于其材料种类多样、丰度充足、成本低、坚固耐用和理论容量高而成为潜在的SIB负极候选材料。然而，TMCs仍然面临一些挑战，例如在钠化/脱钠过程中体积变化严重、导电性不足和大规模生产。因此，已经开发了许多传统和非常规技术来缓解这些问题并获得用于实际应用的高质量电极材料。在这次审查中，首先总结了TMC问题的近期进展和整改对策。然后，提供了过渡金属硒化物与硫化物 TMCs 家族成员的详细比较，以研究控制硒化物相对性能改进的因素。除此之外，与单金属 TMC 相比，含有多种过渡金属的 TMC（M-TMC）表现出更好的性能。因此，讨论了 M-TMC 的各种鼓舞人心的特征。作为这些讨论的结果，我们能够概述一些展望和解决 TMC 负极材料潜在挑战的前瞻性解决方案。提供了过渡金属硒化物与硫化物 TMC 家族成员的详细比较，以研究控制硒化物相对性能改进的因素。除此之外，与单金属 TMC 相比，含有多种过渡金属的 TMC（M-TMC）表现出更好的性能。因此，讨论了 M-TMC 的各种鼓舞人心的特征。作为这些讨论的结果，我们能够概述一些展望和解决 TMC 负极材料潜在挑战的前瞻性解决方案。提供了过渡金属硒化物与硫化物 TMC 家族成员的详细比较，以研究控制硒化物相对性能改进的因素。除此之外，与单金属 TMC 相比，含有多种过渡金属的 TMC（M-TMC）表现出更好的性能。因此，讨论了 M-TMC 的各种鼓舞人心的特征。作为这些讨论的结果，我们能够概述一些展望和解决 TMC 负极材料潜在挑战的前瞻性解决方案。