Cells live in a complex and dynamic microenvironment, and a variety of microenvironmental cues can regulate cell behavior. In addition to biochemical signals, biophysical cues can induce not only immediate intracellular responses, but also long-term effects on phenotypic changes such as stem cell differentiation, immune cell activation and somatic cell reprogramming. Cells respond to mechanical stimuli via an outside-in and inside-out feedback loop, and the cell nucleus plays an important role in this process. The mechanical properties of the nucleus can directly or indirectly modulate mechanotransduction, and the physical coupling of the cell nucleus with the cytoskeleton can affect chromatin structure and regulate the epigenetic state, gene expression and cell function. In this review, we will highlight the recent progress in nuclear biomechanics and mechanobiology in the context of cell engineering, tissue remodeling and disease development.

中文翻译：

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细胞工程：核的生物物理调节。

细胞生活在复杂而动态的微环境中，各种微环境线索可以调节细胞行为。除了生物化学信号，生物物理信号不仅可以诱导细胞内即时反应，而且可以长期影响表型的变化，例如干细胞分化，免疫细胞活化和体细胞重编程。细胞通过由内而外的反馈回路对机械刺激作出反应，而细胞核在这一过程中起着重要的作用。细胞核的机械性质可以直接或间接调节机械转导，并且细胞核与细胞骨架的物理偶联可以影响染色质结构并调节表观遗传状态，基因表达和细胞功能。在这篇评论中