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Ecological niche differentiation among anammox bacteria.
Water Research ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115468 Lei Zhang 1 , Satoshi Okabe 1
Water Research ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115468 Lei Zhang 1 , Satoshi Okabe 1
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Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria can directly convert ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas anaerobically and were responsible for a substantial part of the fixed nitrogen loss and re-oxidation of nitrite to nitrate in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although a wide variety of studies have been undertaken to investigate the abundance and biodiversity of anammox bacteria so far, ecological niche differentiation of anammox bacteria is still not fully understood. To assess their growth behavior and consequent population dynamics at a given environment, the Monod model is often used. Here, we summarize the Monod kinetic parameters such as the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and the half-saturation constant for nitrite (KNO2-) and ammonium (KNH4+) of five known candidatus genera of anammox bacteria. We also discuss potential pivotal environmental factors and metabolic flexibility that influence the community compositions of anammox bacteria. Particularly biodiversity of the genus "Scalindua" might have been largely underestimated. Several anammox bacteria have been successfully enriched from various source of biomass. We reevaluate their enrichment methods and culture medium compositions to gain a clue of niche differentiation of anammox bacteria. Furthermore, we formulate the current issues that must be addressed. Overall this review re-emphasizes the importance of enrichment cultures (preferably pure cultures), physiological characterization and direct microbial competition studies using enrichment cultures in laboratories.
中文翻译：
厌氧菌之间的生态位分化。
厌氧氨氧化细菌可将厌氧铵和亚硝酸盐直接厌氧转化为氮气，并且在淡水和海洋生态系统中造成固定氮损失并将亚硝酸盐再氧化为硝酸盐的很大一部分。尽管到目前为止，已经进行了各种各样的研究来调查厌氧氨氧化细菌的丰度和生物多样性，但是对厌氧氨氧化细菌的生态位分化仍然没有完全了解。为了评估它们在给定环境下的生长行为和随之而来的种群动态，通常使用Monod模型。在这里，我们总结了五种已知的厌氧细菌念珠菌属的Monod动力学参数，例如最大比生长速率（μmax）和亚硝酸盐（KNO2-）和铵盐（KNH4 +）的半饱和常数。我们还将讨论影响厌氧氨氧化细菌群落组成的潜在关键环境因素和代谢灵活性。特别是“ Scalindua”属的生物多样性可能被大大低估了。几种厌氧细菌已成功地从各种生物量来源中富集。我们重新评估其富集方法和培养基组成，以获取厌氧氨氧化细菌的生态位分化线索。此外，我们制定了当前必须解决的问题。总体而言，本次审查再次强调了在实验室中使用浓缩培养物进行浓缩培养物（优选纯培养物），生理特性和直接微生物竞争研究的重要性。
更新日期：2020-01-04
中文翻译：
厌氧菌之间的生态位分化。
厌氧氨氧化细菌可将厌氧铵和亚硝酸盐直接厌氧转化为氮气，并且在淡水和海洋生态系统中造成固定氮损失并将亚硝酸盐再氧化为硝酸盐的很大一部分。尽管到目前为止，已经进行了各种各样的研究来调查厌氧氨氧化细菌的丰度和生物多样性，但是对厌氧氨氧化细菌的生态位分化仍然没有完全了解。为了评估它们在给定环境下的生长行为和随之而来的种群动态，通常使用Monod模型。在这里，我们总结了五种已知的厌氧细菌念珠菌属的Monod动力学参数，例如最大比生长速率（μmax）和亚硝酸盐（KNO2-）和铵盐（KNH4 +）的半饱和常数。我们还将讨论影响厌氧氨氧化细菌群落组成的潜在关键环境因素和代谢灵活性。特别是“ Scalindua”属的生物多样性可能被大大低估了。几种厌氧细菌已成功地从各种生物量来源中富集。我们重新评估其富集方法和培养基组成，以获取厌氧氨氧化细菌的生态位分化线索。此外，我们制定了当前必须解决的问题。总体而言，本次审查再次强调了在实验室中使用浓缩培养物进行浓缩培养物（优选纯培养物），生理特性和直接微生物竞争研究的重要性。
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