Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes targeting virus-infected cells and cancer cells. Specific pro- and antikilling signals modulate the overall ability of NK cells to kill cancer cells, however, several immune-escape mechanisms can be enacted by cancer cells to avoid NK-mediated killing. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EV) released by NK cells carry proteins and miRNAs able to exert an antitumoral effect, even within a highly immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. These recent findings suggest a possible use of NK-derived EVs as anticancer agents and propel the development of new strategies to enrich EVs with the most effective anticancer cargo as a promising new anticancer approach.

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自然杀伤细胞衍生的水泡miRNA：一种新的抗癌方法？

天然杀伤（NK）细胞是针对病毒感染细胞和癌细胞的细胞毒性淋巴细胞。特定的前杀伤信号和抗杀伤信号调节NK细胞杀伤癌细胞的总体能力，但是，癌细胞可以采取几种免疫逃逸机制来避免NK介导的杀伤。最近，越来越多的证据表明，即使在高度免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境中，NK细胞释放的细胞外囊泡（EV）仍具有能够发挥抗肿瘤作用的蛋白质和miRNA。这些最新发现表明，有可能将NK衍生的EV用作抗癌剂，并推动开发新策略以用最有效的抗癌剂来丰富EV，这是一种有前途的新抗癌方法。