Objective To determine whether antioxidant supplements and antioxidant-enriched foods can prevent or reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness after exercise. Methods We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, trial registers, reference lists of articles and conference proceedings up to February 2017. Results In total, 50 studies were included in this review which included a total of 1089 participants (961 were male and 128 were female) with an age range of 16–55 years. All studies used an antioxidant dosage higher than the recommended daily amount. The majority of trials (47) had design features that carried a high risk of bias due to selective reporting and poorly described allocation concealment, potentially limiting the reliability of their findings. We rescaled to a 0–10 cm scale in order to quantify the actual difference between groups and we found that the 95% CIs for all five follow-up times were all well below the minimal important difference of 1.4 cm: up to 6 hours (MD −0.52, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.08); at 24 hours (MD −0.17, 95% CI −0.42 to 0.07); at 48 hours (mean difference (MD) −0.41, 95% CI −0.69 to −0.12); at 72 hours (MD −0.29, 95% CI −0.59 to 0.02); and at 96 hours (MD −0.03, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.37). Thus, the effect sizes suggesting less muscle soreness with antioxidant supplementation were very unlikely to equate to meaningful or important differences in practice. Conclusions There is moderate to low-quality evidence that high-dose antioxidant supplementation does not result in a clinically relevant reduction of muscle soreness after exercise of up to 6 hours or at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exercise. There is no evidence available on subjective recovery and only limited evidence on the adverse effects of taking antioxidant supplements.

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用于预防和减少运动后肌肉酸痛的抗氧化剂：Cochrane 系统评价

目的 确定抗氧化剂补充剂和富含抗氧化剂的食物是否可以预防或减轻运动后迟发性肌肉酸痛。方法 我们检索了截至 2017 年 2 月的 Cochrane 骨、关节和肌肉创伤组专业注册库、Cochrane 对照试验中央注册库、MEDLINE、Embase、SPORTDiscus、试验注册库、文章参考列表和会议论文集。 结果 总共 50 项研究包括在本次审查中，其中包括总共 1089 名参与者（961 名男性和 128 名女性），年龄范围为 16-55 岁。所有研究使用的抗氧化剂剂量都高于推荐的每日剂量。大多数试验 (47) 的设计特征由于选择性报告和描述不明确的分配隐藏而具有高偏倚风险，潜在地限制了他们发现的可靠性。我们重新调整到 0-10 厘米的范围以量化组之间的实际差异，我们发现所有五个随访时间的 95% CI 都远低于 1.4 厘米的最小重要差异：最多 6 小时（ MD -0.52，95% CI -0.95 至 -0.08)；在 24 小时时（MD -0.17，95% CI -0.42 至 0.07）；在 48 小时时（平均差 (MD) -0.41，95% CI -0.69 至 -0.12）；在 72 小时（MD -0.29，95% CI -0.59 至 0.02）；96 小时时（MD -0.03，95% CI -0.43 至 0.37）。因此，表明补充抗氧化剂可减轻肌肉酸痛的效果大小不太可能等同于实践中有意义或重要的差异。结论 有中等至低质量的证据表明，在运动后长达 6 小时或运动后 24、48、72 和 96 小时，高剂量抗氧化剂补充剂不会导致临床相关的肌肉酸痛减轻。没有关于主观恢复的证据，只有有限的证据表明服用抗氧化剂补充剂的不利影响。