Humans can recollect past events in details (recollection) and/or know that an object, person, or place has been encountered before (familiarity). During the last two decades, there has been intense debate about how recollection and familiarity are organized in the brain. Here, we propose an integrative memory model which describes the distributed and interactive neurocognitive architecture of representations and operations underlying recollection and familiarity. In this architecture, the subjective experience of recollection and familiarity arises from the interaction between core systems (storing particular kinds of representations shaped by specific computational mechanisms) and an attribution system. By integrating principles from current theoretical views about memory functioning, we provide a testable framework to refine the prediction of deficient versus preserved mechanisms in memory-impaired populations. The case of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as an example because it entails progressive lesions starting with limited damage to core systems before invading step-by-step most parts of the model-related network. We suggest a chronological scheme of cognitive impairments along the course of AD, where the inaugurating deficit would relate early neurodegeneration of the perirhinal/anterolateral entorhinal cortex to impaired familiarity for items that need to be discriminated as viewpoint-invariant conjunctive entities. The integrative memory model can guide future neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies aiming to understand how such a network allows humans to remember past events, to project into the future, and possibly also to share experiences.

中文翻译：

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用于理解记忆缺陷的回忆和熟悉度的综合记忆模型

人类可以详细回忆过去的事件（回忆）和/或知道之前遇到过的物体、人或地点（熟悉度）。在过去的二十年里，关于记忆和熟悉度是如何在大脑中组织的一直存在激烈的争论。在这里，我们提出了一个综合记忆模型，它描述了基于回忆和熟悉的表示和操作的分布式和交互式神经认知架构。在这种架构中，回忆和熟悉的主观体验来自核心系统（存储由特定计算机制形成的特定类型的表示）和归因系统之间的交互。通过整合当前关于记忆功能的理论观点的原则，我们提供了一个可测试的框架来完善对记忆受损人群中缺陷和保留机制的预测。阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的案例被认为是一个例子，因为它需要进行性病变，从对核心系统的有限损害开始，然后逐步侵入模型相关网络的大部分部分。我们建议在 AD 过程中按时间顺序排列认知障碍，其中开始的缺陷将鼻周/前外侧内嗅皮层的早期神经变性与需要区分为视点不变的连接实体的项目的熟悉度受损联系起来。综合记忆模型可以指导未来的神经心理学和神经影像学研究，旨在了解这样一个网络如何让人类记住过去的事件，投射到未来，