A study was conducted to evaluate the natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) in cotton seeds (n = 110) and cotton seed cake (CSC; n = 110) from Pakistan. All samples were screened by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Positive samples were further quantified by IAC-HPLC-FLD. Total contamination frequency and aflatoxins mean levels were 80% and 69 μg/kg in cotton seeds and the corresponding values for cotton seed cake 88% and 89 μg/kg, respectively. Aflatoxin B1was found in all positive samples and co-occurred with AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. Sixty-four cotton seeds and 71 CSC samples contained aflatoxins levels higher than the ML set for animal feed (20 µg/kg). The results of the present study will help the regulatory authorities to formulate strategies for monitoring aflatoxins in animal feeds.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦棉籽和棉籽饼中的黄曲霉毒素。

进行了一项研究，以评估巴基斯坦的棉籽（n = 110）和棉籽饼（CSC； n = 110）中黄曲霉毒素（AFB1，AFB2，AFG1，AFG2）的天然存在。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）筛选所有样品。阳性样品通过IAC-HPLC-FLD进一步定量。棉籽中的总污染频率和黄曲霉毒素平均水平分别为80％和69μg/ kg，棉籽饼的相应值分别为88％和89μg/ kg。在所有阳性样品中均发现了黄曲霉毒素B1，并与AFB2，AFG1和AFG2共存。64份棉籽和71份CSC样品中的黄曲霉毒素含量高于动物饲料所设定的最高限量（20 µg / kg）。本研究的结果将有助于监管机构制定监测动物饲料中黄曲霉毒素的策略。