Asthma is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic airway inflammation. There is mounting evidence on the role of microbiota in the development of asthma. This review focuses on the role of microbiota in maintaining the integrity of the epithelia and their role in regulating the immune response. The review compiles data from multiple studies on the role of microbiota in the innate immune response and the development and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, a major component of the adaptive arm of the immune response. As a result of dysbiosis, invariant natural killer T cells may induce T helper 2 cell differentiation and immunoglobulin E isotype switching through the release of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. Furthermore, degradation of immunoglobulin A antibodies, increased circulating mast cells and basophils, and inflammation are among other mechanisms by which dysbiosis can induce or exacerbate asthma. After explaining the underlying mechanisms, the review derives conclusions from studies that investigate dysbiosis in infancy and the development of asthma later in life. The review also includes studies that investigate asthmatic mothers and the development of asthma in children and the role of dysbiosis in that regard. Finally, the review explains the statistical relationship between eczema and asthma through multiple studies that investigate the role of dysbiosis in both atopic states. This review provides insight into the role of dysbiosis in asthma, and an understanding that is required to establish clinical trials which aim to modulate the gut microbiota as a means of preventing and treating asthma.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群在特应性哮喘和变态反应中的作用，对疾病发病机理的理解具有重要意义。

哮喘是一种以慢性气道炎症为特征的临床综合征。关于微生物群在哮喘发展中的作用的证据越来越多。这篇综述集中在微生物群在维持上皮的完整性中的作用及其在调节免疫应答中的作用。该综述汇集了关于微生物群在先天免疫应答中的作用以及CD4 + T细胞（免疫应答适应性臂的主要组成部分）的发育和分化的多项研究的数据。由于营养不良，不变的自然杀伤性T细胞可能通过释放白介素4和白介素13诱导T辅助2细胞分化和免疫球蛋白E同种型转换。此外，免疫球蛋白A抗体的降解，循环肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞增多，炎症和其他不良反应可导致哮喘病恶化。在解释了潜在的机制之后，本综述从调查婴儿中的病菌病和晚年哮喘发展的研究中得出结论。该评价还包括研究哮喘母亲，儿童哮喘的发展以及在这方面营养不良作用的研究。最后，该综述通过多项研究异位症在两种异位状态中的作用的研究，解释了湿疹与哮喘之间的统计关系。这篇综述提供了对营养不良在哮喘中的作用的了解，以及建立旨在调节肠道菌群作为预防和治疗哮喘手段的临床试验所必需的理解。