Introduction: Despite intensive research efforts, there is still no effective prophylactic vaccine available against HIV-1. Currently, substantial efforts are devoted to the development of vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are capable of neutralizing most HIV-1 strains. All bNAbs target the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), but Env immunizations usually only induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the sequence-matched virus and not against other strains.Areas covered: We describe the different strategies that have been explored to improve the breadth and potency of anti-HIV-1 NAb responses. The discussed strategies include the application of engineered Env immunogens, optimization of (bNAb) epitopes, different cocktail and sequential vaccination strategies, nanoparticles and nucleic acid-based vaccines.Expert opinion: A combination of the strategies described in this review and future approaches are probably needed to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine that can induce broad, potent and long-lasting NAb responses.

中文翻译：

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诱导针对 HIV-1 的有效中和抗体反应的策略。

简介：尽管进行了大量的研究工作，但仍然没有针对 HIV-1 的有效预防性疫苗。目前，大量努力致力于开发旨在诱导广泛中和抗体 (bNAb) 的疫苗，这种抗体能够中和大多数 HIV-1 毒株。所有 bNAb 都针对 HIV-1 包膜糖蛋白 (Env)，但 Env 免疫通常只会诱导针对序列匹配病毒的中和抗体 (NAb)，而不是针对其他毒株。涵盖的领域：我们描述了已探索的不同策略以改进抗 HIV-1 NAb 反应的广度和效力。讨论的策略包括工程化 Env 免疫原的应用、(bNAb) 表位的优化、不同的鸡尾酒和顺序疫苗接种策略，