Background We aimed to investigate the association of breastfeeding on postpartum glucose levels and lipid profiles in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women without GDM. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 243 women, 159 women with GDM and 84 normally glucose tolerant women between 2012 and 2017. At approximately 6-10 weeks postpartum, we measured fasting blood glucose and plasma lipid levels. Breastfeeding behaviour was self-defined as exclusive breastfeeding or not exclusive breastfeeding. Results The mean (SD) glucose in the group of women who breastfed exclusively was 4.6 (0.49) mmol/L, compared to 4.9 (0.58) mmol/L (95% CI 0.45, 0.15, p <  0.001) among women who did not exclusively breastfeed. Among women with GDM, the reduction in fasting glucose in women who were breastfeeding was 0.22 mmol/L (95% CI 0.39, 0.05, p = 0.004), and in women who were not GDM, the reduction was 0.14 mmol/L (95% CI 0.37, 0.09, p = 0.24,). After adjustment for GDM status in pregnancy, maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal age and ethnicity, and exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decreased fasting glucose of 0.19 (95% CI 0.318, 0.061, p = 0.004). After similar adjustment, there was no significant difference in triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between women who were breastfeeding and women who were not breastfeeding. Conclusions Breastfeeding is associated with a reduction in fasting glucose levels postpartum, but not maternal lipid profile. Breastfeeding may play a role in reducing glucose intolerance in women who have had GDM.

中文翻译：

---

母乳喂养对妊娠糖尿病妇女产后葡萄糖耐量和血脂的影响。

背景我们旨在研究母乳喂养与诊断为妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的女性和非妊娠糖尿病的女性的产后血糖水平和血脂谱之间的关系。方法我们对2012年至2017年间的243名妇女，159名GDM妇女和84名正常糖耐量妇女进行了队列研究的二级分析。在产后大约6-10周，我们测量了空腹血糖和血浆脂质水平。母乳喂养行为被自定义为纯母乳喂养或非纯母乳喂养。结果完全母乳喂养的女性的平均（SD）葡萄糖为4.6（0.49）mmol / L，而没有母乳喂养的女性的平均（SD）葡萄糖为4.9（0.58）mmol / L（95％CI 0.45，0.15，p <0.001）纯母乳喂养。在患有GDM的女性中，母乳喂养妇女的空腹血糖降低为0.22 mmol / L（95％CI 0.39，0.05，p = 0.004），非GDM妇女则为0.14 mmol / L（95％CI 0.37，0.09） ，p ＝ 0.24，）。在调整了孕妇的GDM状况后，母亲的体重指数（BMI），母亲的年龄和种族以及纯母乳喂养的空腹血糖降低了0.19（95％CI 0.318，0.061，p = 0.004）。经过类似的调整后，母乳喂养妇女和非母乳喂养妇女的甘油三酸酯，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显着差异。结论母乳喂养与降低产后空腹血糖水平有关，但与母体血脂无关。