Abscission, the final stage of cell division, requires well-orchestrated changes in endocytic trafficking, microtubule severing, actin clearance, and the physical sealing of the daughter cell membranes. These processes are highly regulated, and any missteps in localized membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics often lead to a delay or a failure in cell division. The midbody, a microtubule-rich structure that forms during cytokinesis, is a key regulator of abscission and appears to function as a signaling platform coordinating cytoskeleton and endosomal dynamics during the terminal stages of cell division. It was long thought that immediately following abscission and the conclusion of cell division, the midbody is either released or rapidly degraded by one of the daughter cells. Recently, the midbody has gained prominence for exerting postmitotic functions. In this review, we detail the role of the midbody in orchestrating abscission, as well as discuss the relatively new field of postabscission midbody biology, particularly focusing on how it may act to regulate cell polarity and its potential to regulate cell tumorigenicity or stemness.

中文翻译：

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有丝分裂后中体：调节极性、干性和增殖

脱落是细胞分裂的最后阶段，需要内吞运输、微管切断、肌动蛋白清除和子细胞膜的物理密封等方面精心策划的变化。这些过程受到高度调控，局部膜和细胞骨架动力学的任何失误通常都会导致细胞分裂的延迟或失败。中体是在胞质分裂过程中形成的富含微管的结构，是脱落的关键调节因子，并且似乎在细胞分裂末期充当协调细胞骨架和内体动力学的信号平台。长期以来，人们一直认为，在细胞分裂和细胞分裂结束后，中体要么被释放，要么被子细胞之一迅速降解。最近，中体因发挥有丝分裂后功能而受到重视。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了中体在协调脱落中的作用，并讨论了脱落后中体生物学这一相对较新的领域，特别关注它如何调节细胞极性及其调节细胞致瘤性或干细胞性的潜力。