There is increasing evidence that children from low income homes exhibit differences in brain, language and cognitive development. To better understand these differences and how they relate to one another, we compared the resting state EEG of forty-five 8-15-year-olds from low-income homes and 45 age and sex matched children from higher income homes who completed a battery of language and cognitive assessments. Children from low income homes performed worse on language tasks and exhibited differences in resting state EEG including more theta and less alpha power. To investigate the relationship between language, cognition and resting state EEG we performed multiple regression analyses. Better working memory was related to lower resting state theta power. There was an interaction between alpha and vocabulary, such that only for children from low income homes, greater resting state alpha was related to higher vocabulary scores. Both relationships held when controlling for resting state changes in the other frequency band, indicating they are somewhat independent effects. These findings shed new light on SES, neural development and cognitive and language outcomes in school-aged children.

中文翻译：

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与社会经济地位相关的静止状态脑电活动的差异对应于小学学生的词汇和工作记忆的差异。

越来越多的证据表明，来自低收入家庭的儿童表现出大脑，语言和认知能力的差异。为了更好地理解这些差异以及它们之间的关系，我们比较了来自低收入家庭的45名8-15岁儿童和来自高收入家庭的45个年龄和性别相匹配的儿童的静息状态脑电图语言和认知评估。来自低收入家庭的儿童在语言任务上表现较差，并且在静息状态脑电图上表现出差异，包括更大的θ和更少的α能。为了研究语言，认知与静息状态脑电图之间的关系，我们进行了多元回归分析。更好的工作记忆与较低的静止状态theta功率有关。alpha和词汇之间存在相互作用，这样，仅对于来自低收入家庭的孩子而言，较高的休息状态α与较高的词汇量分数相关。当控制静止状态变化时，两个关系在另一个频带中保持不变，表明它们在某种程度上是独立的效应。这些发现为学龄儿童的SES，神经发育以及认知和语言结果提供了新的思路。