Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is always associated with attention impairment, some of which even could develop to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The mechanism of attention impairment is not clear, especially lacking of objective indicators of neuroimaging. The aim of this study is to explore the possible functional imaging mechanism of impaired attention in PNE children. A total of 26 PNE children and 26 age‐matched normal controls were recruited. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) was performed on these children. Degree centrality (DC) of key brain regions of DAN (lFEF, rFEF, lIFG, rIFG, lIPS, rIPS), VAN (TPJ, VFC) and DMN (PCC, aMPFC, lAG, rAG) were calculated and compared between PNE and normal children. And the correlations between DC values and attention behavioral results were measured. Compared with normal controls, PNE children exhibited lower DC value in the right frontal eye field (rFEF), left inferior parietal sulcus (lIPS), right inferior parietal sulcus (rIPS), temporal parietal junction (TPJ) and left angular gyrus (lAG). The correct number of continuous performance test (CPT) in the PNE group was significantly lower than the normal controls and there was no significant difference in the reaction time between the two groups. The correlation between DC values and attention behavioral results in PNE showed that the DC values of PCC and lAG were negatively correlated with the correct number. This work indicates that the damage of the key brain regions of DAN, VAN and DMN might be the possible functional imaging mechanism of impaired attention in children with PNE.

中文翻译：

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原发性夜间遗尿症儿童注意力网络关键脑区的度中心性：静息态功能磁共振成像研究

原发性夜间遗尿症 (PNE) 总是与注意力障碍有关，其中一些甚至会发展为注意力缺陷多动障碍。注意障碍的机制尚不明确，尤其缺乏神经影像学的客观指标。本研究旨在探讨 PNE 儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。总共招募了 26 名 PNE 儿童和 26 名年龄匹配的正常对照。对这些儿童进行了静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）。计算DAN（lFEF、rFEF、lIFG、rIFG、lIPS、rIPS）、VAN（TPJ、VFC）和DMN（PCC、aMPFC、lAG、rAG）关键脑区的度中心度（DC），并在PNE和正常之间进行比较孩子们。并测量了 DC 值与注意力行为结果之间的相关性。与正常对照组相比，PNE患儿的右额叶视野（rFEF）、左顶叶下沟（lIPS）、右顶叶下沟（rIPS）、颞顶交界处（TPJ）和左角回（lAG）的DC值较低. PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明，DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。PNE 儿童的右额叶视野 (rFEF)、左顶叶下沟 (lIPS)、右顶叶下沟 (rIPS)、颞顶交界处 (TPJ) 和左角回 (lAG) 的 DC 值较低。PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明，DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。PNE 儿童的右额叶视野 (rFEF)、左顶叶下沟 (lIPS)、右顶叶下沟 (rIPS)、颞顶交界处 (TPJ) 和左角回 (lAG) 的 DC 值较低。PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明，DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。右下顶叶沟 (rIPS)、颞顶叶交界处 (TPJ) 和左角回 (lAG)。PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。右下顶叶沟 (rIPS)、颞顶叶交界处 (TPJ) 和左角回 (lAG)。PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明，DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明，DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。PNE组连续表现测试（CPT）正确次数明显低于正常对照组，两组反应时间无显着差异。PNE中DC值与注意力行为结果的相关性表明PCC和lAG的DC值与正确的数量呈负相关。这项工作表明，DAN、VAN和DMN关键脑区的损伤可能是PNE儿童注意力受损的可能功能成像机制。