BACKGROUND Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) can assist physicians in effective and efficient diagnostic decision-making. CAD systems are currently essential tools in some areas of clinical practice. In addition, it is one of the established fields of study in the interface of medicine and computer science. There are, however, still some critical challenges that CAD systems face. METHODS This paper first describes a new literature review protocol, the Dynamic PRISMA approach based on the well-known PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach. This new approach enhances the traditional approach by integrating a feedback mechanism module. As a result of the literature review, this paper identifies seven major challenges that occur today in CAD and inhibit the next major developments. RESULTS The seven challenges described in this paper involve some technical weaknesses in the interface of medicine and computer science. These challenges are related to various algorithmic limitations, the difficulty of medical professionals to adopt new systems, problems when dealing with patient data, and the lack of guidelines and standardization regarding many aspects of CAD. This paper also describes some of the recent research developments towards these challenges. CONCLUSION If these seven key challenges are addressed properly, then the ways for dealing with them will become the R&D pillars needed to bring CAD to the next level. This would require additional well-coordinated collaboration between researchers and practitioners in the fields of medicine and computer science.

中文翻译：

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未来计算机辅助医学诊断的七个主要挑战。

背景技术计算机辅助诊断（CAD）可以帮助医生进行有效的诊断决策。CAD系统当前是某些临床实践中必不可少的工具。此外，它是医学和计算机科学界已建立的研究领域之一。但是，CAD系统仍然面临一些关键的挑战。方法本文首先介绍了一种新的文献综述方案，即基于众所周知的PRISMA（系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目）方法的动态PRISMA方法。通过集成反馈机制模块，此新方法增强了传统方法。文献综述的结果是，本文确定了当今CAD面临的七个主要挑战，这些挑战阻碍了下一个重大发展。结果本文描述的七个挑战涉及医学和计算机科学的界面中的一些技术弱点。这些挑战与各种算法局限性，医疗专业人员采用新系统的困难，在处理患者数据时遇到的问题以及缺乏有关CAD的许多方面的准则和标准化有关。本文还描述了针对这些挑战的最新研究进展。结论如果正确解决了这七个关键挑战，那么应对这些挑战的方法将成为将CAD提升到新水平所需的研发支柱。这将需要医学和计算机科学领域的研究人员和从业人员之间的额外协调良好的协作。