BACKGROUND Explanations for the health benefits of dietary fibre have, in the past, been inconsistent and studies of the physiological effects of dietary fibre were, perhaps, directed at the wrong read-outs. Confounding factors included a failure to appreciate the molecular diversity and varied properties of fibre-types and the role of fibre as a substrate for microbial metabolism in the gut. AIM To present a modern perspective on fibre science and to encourage clinicians to re-consider the health impact of dietary fibre and how best to approach adjustments in dietary consumption. METHODS This perspective is drawn selectively from recent microbiome science; no attempt was made to perform an exhaustive review of all articles related to every aspect of dietary fibre. RESULTS Advances in microbiome science have revealed not only the functional impact of dietary fibre on the composition and function of the microbiota but have also demonstrated the physiologic responses to microbial-derived metabolites from fibre digestion. Moreover, studies have shown the personalised nature of host responses to dietary fibre intervention, with outcomes being dependent on individual pre-treatment gut ecology. CONCLUSIONS The physical properties of dietary fibres are important for homeostasis within the gut, but the predominant health benefits extend beyond the gut to enhanced metabolic welfare, including protection against obesity and related metabolic diseases. Fibre is a form of functional food joining a growing list of examples of diet-microbe-host interactions which link microbe-host metabolic and immune cascades.

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评论文章：微生物学时代的膳食纤维。

背景技术过去，关于膳食纤维对健康的益处的解释一直不一致，并且对膳食纤维的生理作用的研究可能是针对错误的读数。混杂因素包括未能认识到纤维类型的分子多样性和各种特性，以及纤维作为肠道微生物代谢底物的作用。目的：提出关于纤维科学的现代观点，并鼓励临床医生重新考虑膳食纤维对健康的影响以及如何最好地调整膳食摄入量。方法这种观点是有选择地从最近的微生物学中得出的。没有尝试对与膳食纤维各个方面有关的所有文章进行详尽的审查。结果微生物组学的进展不仅揭示了膳食纤维对微生物群组成和功能的功能影响，而且还表明了对纤维消化的微生物衍生代谢产物的生理反应。此外，研究表明宿主对膳食纤维干预的反应具有个性化的性质，其结果取决于个体预处理肠道的生态。结论膳食纤维的物理特性对肠道内的动态平衡很重要，但主要的健康益处不仅仅限于肠道，还包括增强的代谢福利，包括预防肥胖症和相关的代谢性疾病。纤维是一种功能性食品，越来越多的饮食-微生物-宿主相互作用实例与微生物-宿主代谢和免疫级联有关。