Serum tumor markers (STMs) play a critical role in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of both seminomatous and nonseminomatous testicular germ cell neoplasms. Levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), especially those measured after orchiectomy, also have implications for patient prognosis. Given that testicular germ cell tumors represent the most common solid tumor in men aged 20-34, radiologists must have familiarity with the clinical utilization and implications of these STMs. This article will review the classical patterns of STM elevation most commonly seen in pure seminomatous and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors while also providing case-based examples highlighting the importance of STM correlation with imaging. The role of STMs in clinical staging and disease surveillance will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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血清肿瘤标志物和睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤：放射线学入门。

血清肿瘤标志物（STM）在半裸和非半裸睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的诊断，分期和随访中起着关键作用。甲胎蛋白（AFP），人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的水平，特别是睾丸切除术后的水平，也对患者的预后有影响。鉴于睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤是20-34岁男性中最常见的实体瘤，放射科医生必须熟悉这些STM的临床利用和含义。本文将回顾在纯半实体和非精原生殖细胞肿瘤中最常见的STM升高的经典模式，同时还将提供基于案例的实例，以强调STM与成像相关性的重要性。