PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of recent studies exploring the gut microbiota in pathogenesis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). RECENT FINDINGS Primary bacterial gut disturbances have been linked to the development and severity of IBS. Dysbiosis, or alteration in the normal intestinal flora, modulates intestinal permeability, inflammation, gut motility and likely quality of life. These biomechanical changes are associated with enteric and central nervous system processing as well. When compared to healthy controls, IBS patients display poor quality of life measures and are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. The severity of psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS has been linked with a distinct intestinal microbiota signature. Efforts to modulate intestinal dysbiosis in IBS have shown little improvement in large systematic reviews. The low FODMAP diet reduces bacteria, such as Bifidobacterum and Actinobacteria. Although rifaximin improves symptoms, it may only stimulate a transient effect on the gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplant does not provide prolonged symptom relief in IBS. SUMMARY This review elucidates recent advances in IBS and the gut microbiota. Microbiota changes are one underlying factor in perpetuating global IBS symptoms. The opportunity to exploit this disturbance through treatment modalities requires further investigation.

中文翻译：

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肠易激综合症和肠道菌群。

综述的目的为概述近期研究肠道菌群在肠易激综合征（IBS）的发病机理和治疗中的研究。最近的发现原发性肠道细菌紊乱与IBS的发展和严重程度有关。营养不良或正常肠道菌群的改变会调节肠道通透性，炎症，肠蠕动和可能的生活质量。这些生物力学变化也与肠和中枢神经系统处理有关。与健康对照相比，IBS患者的生活质量指标较差，患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险增加。IBS中心理和胃肠道症状的严重程度已与独特的肠道菌群特征相关。在大型系统评价中，调节IBS肠道营养不良的努力几乎没有改善。低FODMAP饮食可减少细菌，例如双歧杆菌和放线菌。尽管利福昔明改善症状，但可能仅刺激肠道菌群的短暂作用。粪便菌群移植不能在IBS中提供长期的症状缓解。概述这篇综述阐明了IBS和肠道菌群的最新进展。微生物群的改变是使全球IBS症状持续的潜在因素之一。通过治疗方式利用这种干扰的机会需要进一步研究。粪便菌群移植不能在IBS中提供长期的症状缓解。概述这篇综述阐明了IBS和肠道菌群的最新进展。微生物群的改变是使全球IBS症状持续的潜在因素之一。通过治疗方式利用这种干扰的机会需要进一步研究。粪便菌群移植不能在IBS中提供长期的症状缓解。概述这篇综述阐明了IBS和肠道菌群的最新进展。微生物群的改变是使全球IBS症状持续的潜在因素之一。通过治疗方式利用这种干扰的机会需要进一步研究。