Situational judgment tests (SJTs) have emerged as a staple of assessment methodologies for organizational practitioners and researchers. Despite their prevalence, many questions regarding how to interpret respondent choices or how variations in item construction and instruction influence the nature of observed responses remain. Existing conceptual and empirical efforts to explore these questions have largely been rooted in reflexive psychometric measurement models that describe participant responses as indicative of (usually multiple) latent constructs. However, some have suggested that a key to better understanding SJT responses lies in unpacking the judgment and decision-making processes employed by respondents and the psychological and contextual factors that shape how those processes play out. To this end, the present article advances an integrative and generalizable process-oriented theory of SJT responding. The framework, labeled situated reasoning and judgment (SiRJ), proposes that respondents engage in a series of conditional reasoning, similarity, and preference accumulation judgments when deciding how to evaluate and respond to an SJT item. To evaluate the theory's plausibility and utility, the SiRJ framework is translated into a formal computational model and results from a simulation study are analyzed using neural network and Bayesian survival analytic techniques that demonstrate its capability to replicate existing and new empirical effects, suggest insights into SJT interpretation and development, and stimulate new directions for future research. An interactive web application that allows users to explore the computational model developed for SiRJ (https://grandjam.shinyapps.io/sirj) as well as all reported data and the full model/simulation code (https://osf.io/uwdfm/) are also provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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情境判断测试的一般反应过程理论。


情境判断测试（SJT）已成为组织从业者和研究人员评估方法的主要内容。尽管它们很普遍，但关于如何解释受访者的选择或项目构建和指导的变化如何影响观察到的反应的性质的许多问题仍然存在。探索这些问题的现有概念和实证努力很大程度上植根于反射性心理测量模型，该模型将参与者的反应描述为（通常是多个）潜在构造的指示。然而，一些人认为，更好地理解 SJT 反应的关键在于解开受访者所采用的判断和决策过程，以及影响这些过程如何发挥作用的心理和背景因素。为此，本文提出了一种综合的、可推广的、面向过程的SJT响应理论。该框架被称为情景推理和判断（SiRJ），建议受访者在决定如何评估和回应 SJT 项目时进行一系列条件推理、相似性和偏好积累判断。为了评估该理论的合理性和实用性，SiRJ 框架被转化为正式的计算模型，并使用神经网络和贝叶斯生存分析技术分析模拟研究的结果，证明其复制现有和新的经验效应的能力，提出对 SJT 的见解解释和发展，并激发未来研究的新方向。一个交互式 Web 应用程序，允许用户探索为 SiRJ 开发的计算模型 (https://grandjam.shinyapps.io/sirj）以及所有报告的数据和完整的模型/模拟代码（https://osf.io/uwdfm/）也提供。 （PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。