Abstract Industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae), is a newly introduced and rapidly expanding crop in the American agricultural landscape. As an exclusively wind-pollinated crop, hemp lacks nectar but produces an abundance of pollen during a period of floral dearth in agricultural landscapes.These pollen resources are attractive to a range of bee species but the diversity of floral visitors and their use of hemp across a range of agricultural contexts remains unclear. We made repeated sweep net collections of bees visiting hemp flowers on farms in NewYork, which varied in both landscape context and phenotypic traits of hemp varieties. We identified all bee visitors to the species level and found that hemp supported 16 different bee species. Landscape simplification negatively impacted the abundance of bees visiting hemp flowers but did not affect the species richness of the community. Plant height, on the other hand, was strongly correlated with bee species richness and abundance for hemp plots with taller varieties attracting a broader diversity of bee species. Because of its temporally unique flowering phenology, hemp has the potential to provide a critical nutritional resource to a diverse community of bees during a period of floral scarcity and thereby may help to sustain agroecosystem-wide pollination services for other crops in the landscape. As cultivation of hemp increases, growers, land managers, and policy makers should consider its value in supporting bee communities and take its attractiveness to bees into account when developing pest management strategies.

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大麻蜂群及景观构成的相应影响

摘要 工业大麻，大麻（Cannabaceae），是美国农业领域新引进并迅速扩张的作物。作为一种完全风花授粉的作物，大麻缺乏花蜜，但在农业景观中花卉匮乏的时期会产生大量花粉。这些花粉资源对一系列蜜蜂物种具有吸引力，但花卉游客的多样性及其对大麻的使用一系列农业环境仍不清楚。我们在纽约的农场上对访问大麻花的蜜蜂进行了反复扫网收集，这些蜜蜂在景观背景和大麻品种的表型特征方面各不相同。我们确定了物种级别的所有蜜蜂访客，发现大麻支持 16 种不同的蜜蜂物种。景观简化对访问大麻花的蜜蜂数量产生了负面影响，但并未影响社区的物种丰富度。另一方面，植物高度与蜜蜂物种丰富度和大麻地块的丰度密切相关，大麻地块较高的品种吸引了更广泛的蜜蜂物种多样性。由于其时间上独特的开花物候，大麻有可能在花卉稀缺时期为不同的蜜蜂群落提供重要的营养资源，从而可能有助于维持景观中其他作物的农业生态系统范围的授粉服务。随着大麻种植的增加，种植者、土地管理者和政策制定者应考虑其在支持蜜蜂社区方面的价值，并在制定害虫管理策略时考虑其对蜜蜂的吸引力。