When nanoparticles (NPs) enter a physiological environment, a complex coating of biomolecules is absorbed onto their surface, known as the biocorona (BC). This coating alters nanomaterial physical properties, modulating cellular viability, internalization, and immune responses. To safely utilize NPs within medical settings, it is necessary to understand the influence of the BC on cellular responses. Due to the variety of cell types, NPs, and physiological environments, responses are variable; though trends do exist. This review article critically evaluates the currently available literature regarding the influence of the BC on NP interactions with prominent cell types that they are likely to encounter during biomedical applications. Specifically, we will examine responses related to interactions with endothelial cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells of the digestive tract and lung. Further, we will evaluate how the BC may influence interactions with bacteria and fungi, as NPs have been proposed as antimicrobial agents in medical settings. The information reviewed and discussed here may enhance the development of effective of NP-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.

中文翻译：

---

生物电晕诱导的工程纳米材料-细胞相互作用中的修饰影响生物医学应用。

当纳米粒子 (NPs) 进入生理环境时，生物分子的复杂涂层被吸收到其表面，称为生物电晕 (BC)。这种涂层改变了纳米材料的物理特性，调节细胞活力、内化和免疫反应。为了在医疗环境中安全地使用 NP，有必要了解 BC 对细胞反应的影响。由于细胞类型、NPs 和生理环境的多样性，反应是可变的。尽管趋势确实存在。这篇评论文章批判性地评估了目前可用的关于 BC 对 NP 与它们在生物医学应用中可能遇到的主要细胞类型相互作用的影响的文献。具体来说，我们将检查与内皮细胞、巨噬细胞、以及消化道和肺的上皮细胞。此外，我们将评估 BC 如何影响与细菌和真菌的相互作用，因为 NP 已被提议作为医疗环境中的抗菌剂。这里审查和讨论的信息可能会促进有效的基于 NP 的治疗和诊断工具的开发。本文归类于：治疗方法和药物发现 > 纳米医学中的新兴技术毒理学和监管问题 > 纳米材料诊断工具的毒理学 > 诊断纳米设备。这里审查和讨论的信息可能会促进有效的基于 NP 的治疗和诊断工具的开发。本文归类于：治疗方法和药物发现 > 纳米医学中的新兴技术毒理学和监管问题 > 纳米材料诊断工具的毒理学 > 诊断纳米设备。这里审查和讨论的信息可能会促进有效的基于 NP 的治疗和诊断工具的开发。本文归类于：治疗方法和药物发现 > 纳米医学中的新兴技术毒理学和监管问题 > 纳米材料诊断工具的毒理学 > 诊断纳米设备。