The etiology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is largely unknown. High serum CD30-levels are associated with increased risk of cHL. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detectable in the tumor cells in 1/3 of cHL cases in the Western world. The PD-1 pathway (T-cell inflamed immune response) might contribute to the pathogenesis by enabling pre-malignant CD30+ or EBV + cells to evade immune surveillance. We aimed to investigate if high infiltrations of CD30+, PD-1+, PD-L1+ and EBV + cells in benign lymph nodes from patients that later develop cHL (cases) (n = 15) were associated with risk of cHL compared to controls (n = 45) with benign lymph nodes from patients that did not develop cHL. Pathology registries including 3500 cH L patients were screened. Lymph nodes were stained with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and the risk for cHL calculated with logistic regression. High CD30-expression by B- and T-cells was associated with a decreased risk of cHL [(OR = 0.10, 95 % CI:0.03-0.39) and (OR = 0.13, 95 % CI:0.01-0.71), respectively], which remained significant for CD30 + B-cells (OR = 0.15, 95 % CI:0.03-0.60) in multivariate analyses. Amount of PD-1+, PD-L1+ and EBV + cells were not statistically significantly associated with risk of cHL. However, the amount of PD-L1+ leukocytes tended to be higher in cases later developing cHL (OR = 2.84, 95 % CI:0.61-12.61). High proportions of potential precursors to cHL, i.e. CD30 + B-cells in benign lymph nodes are not associated with an increased risk of cHL, while a tendency for a T-cell inflamed immune response, i.e. abundant PD-L1+ cells, was observed in biopsies taken prior to the cHL diagnosis.

中文翻译：

---

霍奇金淋巴瘤恶变前环境中的前体细胞和T细胞炎症免疫反应的意义。

经典霍奇金淋巴瘤（cHL）的病因尚不清楚。高血清CD30水平与cHL风险增加相关。在西方世界的1/3 cHL病例的肿瘤细胞中可检测到爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）。PD-1途径（T细胞发炎的免疫反应）可能通过使恶变前的CD30 +或EBV +细胞逃避免疫监视来促进发病。我们的目的是调查与对照组相比，后来发展为cHL（病例）（n = 15）的患者的良性淋巴结中CD30 +，PD-1 +，PD-L1 +和EBV +细胞的高浸润是否与cHL的风险相关（ n = 45）伴有未发展为cHL的患者的良性淋巴结。筛选了包括3500 cH L患者在内的病理登记。用免疫组织化学和原位杂交对淋巴结染色，并通过logistic回归计算cHL风险。B细胞和T细胞的高CD30表达与cHL风险降低相关[分别为（OR = 0.10，95％CI：0.03-0.39）和（OR = 0.13，95％CI：0.01-0.71）]在多变量分析中对CD30 + B细胞（OR = 0.15，95％CI：0.03-0.60）仍然很重要。PD-1 +，PD-L1 +和EBV +细胞的数量与cHL风险无统计学意义。但是，在后来发展为cHL的病例中，PD-L1 +白细胞的数量往往较高（OR = 2.84，95％CI：0.61-12.61）。高比例的潜在cHL前体，即良性淋巴结中的CD30 + B细胞与增加的cHL风险无关，而T细胞会激发免疫反应，即大量的PD-L1 +细胞，