Despite heavy investments and a number of government schemes, deterioration in water quality of river Ganga and its tributaries is an issue of serious concern. Among all the cities, thriving on Ganga, Kanpur is considered to add maximum pollution in the river. In the present study, water samples were collected seasonally from nine selected sites within the middle stretch of river Ganga from Haridwar to Kanpur. The velocity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed during winter (November-January), summer (March-June) and monsoon (July-September) season from November 2016 to September 2017 along with heavy metal analysis of water and sediment samples of the winter season. The levels of Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Water quality was evaluated by water quality index (WQI) using BIS and WHO standards. The WQI values showed good water quality at Haridwar site (< 100) while it was very poor at other sites and Kanpur (> 100) which renders it highly unfit for human consumption and survival of some fish species because of low DO value (4.65 ± 1.08 mg L-1) and high values of pH (8.82 ± 0.10), alkalinity (187.88 ± 8.88 mg L-1), BOD (66.64 ± 2.19 mg L-1) and COD (240.00 ± 17.33 mg L-1). WQI showed highly unsuitable water quality at all sites except control site, of which S9 (Siddhanath Ghat) was highly polluted. Lead concentration was higher at Kannauj sites while high Cr was observed at Siddhanath Ghat (S9), Kanpur. The examined metals, such as Cr, Cu, and Pb, were far above the prescribed limits of various standards.

中文翻译：

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Haridwar 到 Kanpur 河带中恒河水和沉积物中水和重金属污染的空间变化。

尽管进行了大量投资和多项政府计划，恒河及其支流的水质恶化仍是一个令人严重关切的问题。在恒河上兴盛的所有城市中，坎普尔被认为是河流中污染最严重的城市。在本研究中，从哈里瓦到坎普尔的恒河中间段的九个选定地点季节性地收集水样。对冬季（11 月至 1 月）、夏季（3 月至 6 月）和季风（7 月）期间的流速、温度、pH 值、碱度、硬度、溶解氧 (DO)、生物需氧量 (BOD) 和化学需氧量 (COD) 进行分析-September) 季节从 2016 年 11 月到 2017 年 9 月以及冬季水和沉积物样品的重金属分析。Cr、Cu 的含量，Cd和Pb用原子吸收分光光度计分析。使用 BIS 和 WHO 标准通过水质指数 (WQI) 评估水质。Haridwar 站点的 WQI 值显示出良好的水质（< 100），而其他站点和 Kanpur 的水质非常差（> 100），由于 DO 值较低（4.65 ± 1.08 mg L-1) 和高 pH 值 (8.82 ± 0.10)、碱度 (187.88 ± 8.88 mg L-1)、BOD (66.64 ± 2.19 mg L-1) 和 COD (240.00 ± 17.33 mg L-1)。WQI 显示所有站点的水质都非常不合适，除了控制站点，其中 S9 (Siddhanath Ghat) 受到高度污染。Kannauj 地点的铅浓度较高，而坎普尔的 Siddhanath Ghat (S9) 则观察到高 Cr。被检测的金属，如 Cr、Cu 和 Pb，