Increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in myriad applications including electronics, medicines and agriculture has led to serious concerns regarding its release to plant ecosystems. Over the years, numerous studies have demonstrated the toxic impact of AgNPs in a variety of cell and tissue systems involved in vegetative growth across a wide range of plant species. However, assessing their impact on haploid phase of plant life cycle was restricted only to a study with Kiwifruit. In this study, in vitro pollen performance of Peltophorum pterocarpum at two endpoints i.e., germination and tube growth was assessed to evaluate the impact of nanoparticulate or ionic form of silver. Increasing concentrations of AgNO3/AgNPs significantly reduced the pollen germination and retarded the tube growth. The EC 50 values indicated a more potent toxic effect of AgNPs than AgNO3 on pollen germination as well as tube growth. Impairment of pollen performance was more pronounced at the stage of emergence of pollen tube. Extensive alterations in the muri and lumen of exine as revealed through SEM analysis and subsequent blockage of germpore might disrupt the emergence of pollen tube. The dynamics of pollen tube growth was analyzed with polynomial models of different degrees. A high degree of polynomial, the quintic model was able to approximate the real data points with highest coefficient of determination and smallest RMSE, compared to other models. An oscillating pattern of tube growth was portrayed with the passage of time in all the treatments that fits well with the established mechanistic oscillatory model of tube growth. It appears that exposure to AgNO3/AgNPs inhibited pollen germination and retarded tube growth without affecting the oscillatory behavior of tip-growth.

中文翻译：

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银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）会导致翼状骨蕨（DC。）

银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）在包括电子，药物和农业在内的多种应用中越来越多地使用，已引起人们对其向植物生态系统释放的严重关注。多年以来，大量研究表明，AgNPs在涉及多种植物物种营养生长的各种细胞和组织系统中的毒性作用。但是，评估其对植物生命周期单倍体阶段的影响仅限于猕猴桃研究。在这项研究中，对翼果蝇（Peltophorum pterocarpum）在两个终点即萌发和管生长的体外花粉性能进行了评估，以评估银的纳米颗粒或离子形式的影响。AgNO3 / AgNPs浓度的增加显着减少了花粉的萌发并延缓了管的生长。EC 50值表明，AgNPs对花粉萌发以及管的生长比AgNO3有更强的毒性作用。在花粉管出现阶段，花粉性能的损害更为明显。扫描电镜分析显示，外ine壁和管腔的广泛变化以及随后的种芽阻塞可能会破坏花粉管的出现。用不同程度的多项式模型分析了花粉管生长的动力学。与其他模型相比，五次模型具有高度的多项式，能够近似具有最高确定系数和最小RMSE的真实数据点。在所有治疗中，随着时间的流逝描绘了管生长的振荡模式，这与已建立的管生长的机械振荡模型非常吻合。