Anthropogenic radionuclides can enter water bodies through accidental or controlled discharges. In order to assess their potential impact, understanding the link between exposure, tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose rate, to biological or biomarker responses in aquatic biota is required. Adopting an integrated, multi-biomarker, multi-species approach, we have investigated potential biological responses induced by short-lived radionuclide, phosphorus-32 (32P, radiophosphorus) in two ecologically important mussel species, the freshwater Dreissena polymorpha (DP) and marine Mytilus galloprovincialis (MG). Adult individuals were exposed to 32P for 10 days, to acquire nominal whole-body average dose rates of 0.10, 1 and 10 mGy d-1, which encompass a screening value of 10 μGy h-1 (0.24 mGy d-1), in accordance with the ERICA tool. Following exposure, a suite of genotoxic biomarkers (DNA damage, γ-H2AX induction and micronucleus [MN] formation) were measured in gill and digestive gland tissues, along with transcriptional expression of selected stress-related genes in both the species (i.e. hsp70/90, sod, cat and gst). Our results demonstrate the relationship between tissue specific dosimetry, where 32P induced a dose-dependent increase, and biological responses independent of species. Gene expression analysis revealed little significant variation across species or tissues. Overall, MG appeared to be more sensitive to short-term damage (i.e. high DNA damage and γ-H2AX induction), particularly in digestive gland. This study contributes to limited knowledge on the transfer and biological impact of radionuclides within differing aquatic systems on a tissue specific level, aiding the development of adequate management and protective strategies.

中文翻译：

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在暴露于磷32（32P）后评估海洋和淡水双壳贝类软体动物中的相对生物标志物反应：遗传毒理学和分子生物标志物的应用。

人为放射性核素可通过意外或受控排放进入水体。为了评估其潜在影响，需要了解暴露，组织特异性生物蓄积和辐射剂量率与水生生物区系中生物或生物标志物响应之间的联系。通过采用综合的，多生物标志物，多物种的方法，我们研究了两种生态上重要的淡菜贻贝物种淡水多氏藻和海洋中由短寿命放射性核素磷32（32P，放射性磷）诱导的潜在生物反应。鸡没食子菌（MG）。成年个体暴露于32P下10天，获得的名义全身平均剂量率分别为0.10、1和10 mGy d-1，其中筛查值为10μGyh-1（0.24 mGy d-1）。符合ERICA工具。暴露后，在g和消化腺组织中测量了一套遗传毒性生物标志物（DNA损伤，γ-H2AX诱导和微核[MN]形成），以及在两个物种中选择的应激相关基因的转录表达（即hsp70 / 90，草皮，猫和GST）。我们的结果证明了32P引起剂量依赖性增加的组织特异性剂量测定法与独立于物种的生物学反应之间的关系。基因表达分析表明，物种或组织之间几乎没有显着差异。总体而言，MG似乎对短期损伤（即高DNA损伤和γ-H2AX诱导）更敏感，尤其是在消化腺中。这项研究对有关放射性核素在不同水生系统内在组织特定水平上的转移和生物学影响的认识有限，