Nitrate is an essential macronutrient for plants, a primary nitrogen source in natural and human-made ecosystems. Nitrate can also act as a signaling molecule that directs genome-wide gene expression changes with an impact on plant metabolism, physiology, growth and development. Nitrate and phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Nitrate-signaling controls plant growth and development using molecular mechanisms that involve phytohormone-signaling pathways. In contrast, many phytohormones modulate or impact nitrate signaling in interconnected pathways. In this review, we explore recent progress in our understanding of well-documented connections between nitrate and phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. We also discuss recent studies connecting nitrate to other phytohormones such as ethylene, salicylic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids. While many molecular details remain to be elucidated, a number of core signaling components at the intersection between nitrate and the major hormonal pathways have been described. We focus on established interactions of nitrate and different hormonal pathways to bring about cellular, growth and developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

中文翻译：

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硝酸盐和激素信号的串扰对植物生长和发育的影响。

硝酸盐是植物必需的大量营养素，是自然和人为生态系统中的主要氮源。硝酸盐还可以作为信号分子，指导全基因组基因表达的变化，从而影响植物的代谢，生理，生长和发育。硝酸盐和植物激素信号通路相互干扰，以多因素方式调节生长和发育程序。硝酸盐信号传导利用涉及植物激素信号传导途径的分子机制控制植物的生长和发育。相反，许多植物激素调节或影响互连途径中的硝酸盐信号传导。在这篇综述中，我们探索了对硝酸盐和植物激素（例如植物生长素，细胞分裂素和脱落酸）之间有据可查的联系的最新进展。我们还将讨论将硝酸盐与其他植物激素（例如乙烯，水杨酸，赤霉素和油菜素甾体）连接起来的最新研究。尽管许多分子细节尚待阐明，但已经描述了硝酸盐和主要激素途径之间交叉点的许多核心信号传导成分。我们专注于建立硝酸盐和不同激素途径之间的相互作用，以在拟南芥中实现细胞，生长和发育过程。