Across neuroscience, large-scale data recording and population-level analysis methods have experienced explosive growth. While the underlying hardware and computational techniques have been well reviewed, we focus here on the novel science that these technologies have enabled. We detail four areas of the field where the joint analysis of neural populations has significantly furthered our understanding of computation in the brain: correlated variability, decoding, neural dynamics, and artificial neural networks. Together, these findings suggest an exciting trend towards a new era where neural populations are understood to be the essential unit of computation in many brain regions, a classic idea that has been given new life.

中文翻译：

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走向神经人口学说。

在整个神经科学领域，大规模数据记录和人口水平分析方法经历了爆炸性的增长。尽管对基础硬件和计算技术进行了很好的审查，但我们在这里集中讨论这些技术已实现的新颖科学。我们详细介绍了该领域的四个领域，其中神经种群的联合分析极大地增进了我们对大脑计算的理解：相关变异性，解码，神经动力学和人工神经网络。总之，这些发现暗示了一个新时代的令人振奋的趋势，在这个新时代中，神经种群被认为是许多大脑区域计算的基本单位，这是赋予了新生命的经典观念。