Mutualistic plant-microbial functioning relies on co-adapted symbiotic partners as well as conducive environmental conditions. Choosing particular plant genotypes for domestication and subsequent cultivar selection can narrow the gene pools of crop plants to a degree that they are no longer able to benefit from microbial mutualists. Elevated mineral nutrient levels in cultivated soils also reduce the dependence of crops on nutritional support by mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia. Thus, current ways of crop production are predestined to compromise the propagation and function of microbial symbionts, limiting their long-term benefits for plant yield stability. The influence of mutualists on non-native plant establishment and spread, i.e. biological invasions, provides an unexplored analogue to contemporary crop production that accounts for mutualistic services from symbionts like rhizobia and mycorrhizae. The historical exposure of organisms to biotic interactions over evolutionary timescales, or so-called eco-evolutionary experience (EEE), has been used to explain the success of such invasions. In this paper, we stress that consideration of the EEE concept can shed light on how to overcome the loss of microbial mutualist functions following crop domestication and breeding. We propose specific experimental approaches to utilize the wild ancestors of crops to determine whether crop domestication compromised the benefits derived from root microbial symbioses or not. This can predict the potential for success of mutualistic symbiosis manipulation in modern crops and the maintenance of effective microbial mutualisms over the long term.

中文翻译：

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入侵生态学的见解：考虑生态进化经验能否促进植物生产中根互利共生的效益？


互利的植物-微生物功能依赖于共同适应的共生伙伴以及有利的环境条件。选择特定的植物基因型进行驯化和随后的品种选择可能会缩小农作物的基因库，使其不再能够从微生物互利共生中受益。耕作土壤中矿质养分水平的升高还减少了作物对菌根真菌和根瘤菌等共生体营养支持的依赖。因此，当前的作物生产方式注定会损害微生物共生体的繁殖和功能，限制其对植物产量稳定性的长期效益。互利共生对非本地植物的建立和传播（即生物入侵）的影响，为当代作物生产提供了一种未经探索的类比，解释了根瘤菌和菌根等共生体的互利共生服务。生物体在进化时间尺度上经历的生物相互作用的历史暴露，或所谓的生态进化经验（EEE），已被用来解释此类入侵的成功。在本文中，我们强调对 EEE 概念的考虑可以揭示如何克服作物驯化和育种后微生物互利共生功能的丧失。我们提出了利用作物野生祖先的具体实验方法，以确定作物驯化是否损害了根部微生物共生带来的益处。这可以预测现代作物互利共生操纵的成功潜力以及长期维持有效的微生物互利共生。