Poly(ADP-ribose) is a posttranslational modification and signaling molecule that regulates many aspects of human cell biology, and it is synthesized by enzymes known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, or PARPs. A diverse collection of domain structures dictates the different cellular roles of PARP enzymes and regulates the production of poly(ADP-ribose). Here we primarily review recent structural insights into the regulation and catalysis of two family members: PARP-1 and Tankyrase. PARP-1 has multiple roles in the cellular response to DNA damage and the regulation of gene transcription, and Tankyrase regulates a diverse set of target proteins involved in cellular processes such as mitosis, genome integrity, and cell signaling. Both enzymes offer interesting modes of regulating the production and the target site selectivity of the poly(ADP-ribose) modification.

中文翻译：

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PARP家族酶：聚（ADP-核糖）翻译后修饰的调控和催化。

聚（ADP-核糖）是一种翻译后修饰和信号分子，可调节人类细胞生物学的许多方面，并由称为聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶或PARP的酶合成。域结构的多样化集合决定了PARP酶在细胞中的不同作用，并调节聚ADP-核糖的产生。在这里，我们主要回顾最近对两个家族成员PARP-1和Tankyrase的调控和催化的结构见解。PARP-1在细胞对DNA损伤的反应和基因转录的调控中具有多种作用，而Tankyrase则调控涉及细胞过程（如有丝分裂，基因组完整性和细胞信号传导）的多种靶蛋白。