Enteroendocrine cells were historically classified by a letter code, each linked to a single hormone, deduced to be the only hormone produced by the cell. One type, the L cell, was recognised to store and secrete two products, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-related peptides. Many other exceptions to the one-cell one-hormone classifications have been reported over the last 40 years or so, and yet the one-hormone dogma has persisted. In the last 6 years, a plethora of data has appeared that makes the concept unviable. Here, we describe the evidence that multiple hormone transcripts and their products reside in single cells and evidence that the hormones are often, but not always, processed into separate storage vesicles. It has become clear that most enteroendocrine cells contain multiple hormones. For example, most secretin cells contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and in mouse many of these also contain cholecystokinin (CCK). Furthermore, CCK cells also commonly store ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), neurotensin, and PYY. Several hormones, for example, secretin and 5-HT, are in separate storage vesicles at a subcellular level. Hormone patterns can differ considerably between species. Another complication is that relative levels of expression vary substantially. This means that data are significantly influenced by the sensitivities of detection techniques. For example, a hormone that can be detected in storage vesicles by super-resolution microscopy may not be above threshold for detection by conventional fluorescence microscopy. New nomenclature for cell clusters with common attributes will need to be devised and old classifications abandoned.

中文翻译：

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在细胞和亚细胞水平上研究肠内分泌细胞的多样性：需要新的分类方案。

肠内分泌细胞在历史上是按字母代码分类的，每个字母都与一种激素相连，据推测是该细胞产生的唯一激素。一种类型的L细胞被认为可以存储和分泌两种产物，肽YY（PYY）和胰高血糖素相关肽。在过去的40多年中，已经报道了有关单细胞一激素分类的许多其他例外情况，但是单激素教条仍然存在。在过去的6年中，出现了大量数据，使该概念不可行。在这里，我们描述了多种激素转录物及其产物驻留在单个细胞中的证据，以及这些激素通常但并非总是被加工成单独的储存囊泡的证据。已经清楚的是，大多数肠内分泌细胞都含有多种激素。例如，大多数促胰液素细胞含有5-羟色胺（5-HT），在小鼠中，许多也含有胆囊收缩素（CCK）。此外，CCK细胞通常还存储生长素释放肽，葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素肽（GIP），胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1），神经降压素和PYY。几种激素，例如促胰液素和5-HT，处于亚细胞水平的独立储存小泡中。物种之间的激素模式可以有很大的不同。另一个并发症是表达的相对水平有很大不同。这意味着数据会受到检测技术灵敏度的显着影响。例如，可以通过超分辨率显微镜在储藏囊泡中检测到的激素可能不超过通过常规荧光显微镜检测的阈值。