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Multiple paternity in a lek mating system: Females mate multiply when they choose inexperienced sires
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-24 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13158 Pearl R Rivers 1 , Emily H DuVal 1
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-24 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13158 Pearl R Rivers 1 , Emily H DuVal 1
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Multiple mating by females is common and often driven by social constraints on female mate choice. However, females mate with multiple males even in systems without these social constraints and rates of multiple mating tend to be highly variable within and between populations. In lek mating systems, females are able to assess multiple males and their choice is unrestricted by pair bonds or the need for biparental care, yet some females mate with multiple males. To better understand the factors affecting variation in multiple mating, we investigated the occurrence of multiple paternity within clutches in a highly polygynous lek mating system. Using long-term data on genetic paternity, survival, social status, and individual age from a population of lance-tailed manakins (Chiroxiphia lanceolata), a species where males lek in cooperative alpha-beta pairs, we tested five non-exclusive hypotheses about causes of variation in multiple mating and its benefits to females. We found that inexperienced males, including new alphas and rare beta sires, were disproportionately likely to share paternity when they sired any chicks. In contrast, female age (experience) was unrelated to multiple paternity. Multiple mating did not result in higher reproductive success or reduced variance in success for females, and there were neither consistently promiscuous females nor males that consistently shared paternity. The occurrence of multiple paternity in this lek mating system was best explained by female choice related to male characteristics that change with male experience. Our results support the hypothesis that there is a developmental component to the occurrence of multiple mating, and suggest females choose to mate multiply when their choices are not optimal.
中文翻译：
lek 交配系统中的多重父系：当雌性选择没有经验的公牛时，它们会成倍增加
雌性多次交配很常见，而且往往是由对雌性配偶选择的社会限制造成的。然而，即使在没有这些社会约束的系统中，雌性也会与多个雄性交配，而且在种群内部和种群之间，多次交配的比率往往变化很大。在lek交配系统中，雌性能够评估多个雄性，它们的选择不受配对关系或双亲照顾需要的限制，但一些雌性与多个雄性交配。为了更好地了解影响多重交配变异的因素，我们调查了在高度一夫多妻的 lek 交配系统中离合器内多重亲子关系的发生。使用来自长尾侏儒 (Chiroxiphia lanceolata) 种群的遗传亲子关系、存活率、社会地位和个体年龄的长期数据，作为一个雄性以合作的 alpha-beta 对进行排他性的物种，我们测试了关于多重交配变异的原因及其对雌性的益处的五个非排他性假设。我们发现，没有经验的雄性，包括新的 alpha 和稀有的 beta 公牛，当他们生出任何小鸡时，分享父系的可能性更大。相比之下，女性年龄（经验）与多父系无关。多次交配并没有导致雌性更高的繁殖成功率或成功率的降低，而且雌性和雄性都没有始终如一地共享父权。在这种 lek 交配系统中，多父系的发生最好通过与男性特征相关的女性选择来解释，这些男性特征随男性经验而变化。
更新日期：2019-12-24
中文翻译：
lek 交配系统中的多重父系：当雌性选择没有经验的公牛时，它们会成倍增加
雌性多次交配很常见，而且往往是由对雌性配偶选择的社会限制造成的。然而，即使在没有这些社会约束的系统中，雌性也会与多个雄性交配，而且在种群内部和种群之间，多次交配的比率往往变化很大。在lek交配系统中，雌性能够评估多个雄性，它们的选择不受配对关系或双亲照顾需要的限制，但一些雌性与多个雄性交配。为了更好地了解影响多重交配变异的因素，我们调查了在高度一夫多妻的 lek 交配系统中离合器内多重亲子关系的发生。使用来自长尾侏儒 (Chiroxiphia lanceolata) 种群的遗传亲子关系、存活率、社会地位和个体年龄的长期数据，作为一个雄性以合作的 alpha-beta 对进行排他性的物种，我们测试了关于多重交配变异的原因及其对雌性的益处的五个非排他性假设。我们发现，没有经验的雄性，包括新的 alpha 和稀有的 beta 公牛，当他们生出任何小鸡时，分享父系的可能性更大。相比之下，女性年龄（经验）与多父系无关。多次交配并没有导致雌性更高的繁殖成功率或成功率的降低，而且雌性和雄性都没有始终如一地共享父权。在这种 lek 交配系统中，多父系的发生最好通过与男性特征相关的女性选择来解释，这些男性特征随男性经验而变化。
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