Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a family of clinically and therapeutically relevant viruses. A precise understanding of their host cell attachment and entry mechanisms can be applied in inhibitor design and the construction of targeted gene delivery vectors. In this article, structural data on adenovirus attachment and entry are reviewed. HAdVs engage two types of receptors: first, an attachment receptor that is bound by the fibre knob protein protruding from the icosahedral capsid, and next, an integrin entry receptor bound by the pentameric penton base at the capsid vertices. Adenoviruses use remarkably diverse attachment receptors, five of which have been studied structurally in the context of HAdV binding: Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CD46, the glycans GD1a and polysialic acid, and desmoglein-2. Together with the integrin entry receptors, they display both symmetrical and asymmetrical modes of binding to the virus as demonstrated by the structural analyses reviewed here. The diversity of HAdV receptors contributes to the broad tropism of these viruses, and structural studies are thus an important source of information on HAdV-host cell interactions. The imbalance in structural data between the more and less extensively studied receptors remains to be addressed by future research.

中文翻译：

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人腺病毒与宿主细胞受体的结合：结构图。

人腺病毒（HAdV）是一门临床和治疗相关病毒。对它们的宿主细胞附着和进入机制的精确理解可以应用于抑制剂设计和靶向基因传递载体的构建。在本文中，将审查有关腺病毒附着和进入的结构数据。HAdVs参与两种类型的受体：首先是附着受体，该附着受体由从二十面体衣壳突出的纤维结蛋白结合，其次是整合素进入受体，其在衣壳顶点处被五聚体戊烯碱基结合。腺病毒使用显着不同的附着受体，其中有五种已在HAdV结合的背景下进行了结构研究：柯萨奇和腺病毒受体，CD46，聚糖GD1a和多唾液酸以及桥粒芯蛋白2。与整联蛋白进入受体一起，它们显示了与病毒结合的对称和不对称模式，如本文所述的结构分析所示。HAdV受体的多样性有助于这些病毒的广泛嗜性，因此结构研究是有关HAdV与宿主细胞相互作用的重要信息来源。越来越少研究的受体之间结构数据的不平衡仍有待进一步研究解决。