Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly) are polyphagous horticultural pests of eastern Australia. Heterogametic males contain a sex‐determining Y‐chromosome thought to be gene poor and repetitive. Here, we report 39 Y‐chromosome scaffolds (~700 kb) from B. tryoni identified using genotype‐by‐sequencing data and whole‐genome resequencing. Male diagnostic PCR assays validated eight Y‐scaffolds, and one (Btry4096) contained a novel gene with five exons that encode a predicted 575 amino acid protein. The Y‐gene, referred to as typo‐gyf, is a truncated Y‐chromosome paralogue of X‐chromosome gene gyf (1773 aa). The Y‐chromosome contained ~41 copies of typo‐gyf, and expression occurred in male flies and embryos. Analysis of 13 tephritid transcriptomes confirmed typo‐gyf expression in six additional Bactrocera species, including Bactrocera latifrons, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata. Molecular dating estimated typo‐gyf evolved within the past 8.02 million years (95% highest posterior density 10.56–5.52 million years), after the split with Bactrocera oleae. Phylogenetic analysis also highlighted complex evolutionary histories among several Bactrocera species, as discordant nuclear (116 genes) and mitochondrial (13 genes) topologies were observed. B. tryoni Y‐sequences may provide useful sites for future transgene insertions, and typo‐gyf could act as a Y‐chromosome diagnostic marker for many Bactrocera species, although its function is unknown.

中文翻译：

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昆士兰果蝇的Y染色体支架的鉴定揭示了许多拟杆菌属害虫物种共有的重复gyf基因旁系同源物。

Bactrocera tryoni（昆士兰果蝇）是澳大利亚东部的多食性园艺害虫。异配体雄性动物含有决定性别的Y染色体，该基因被认为具有不良的基因和重复性。在这里，我们报告从39 Y染色体支架（〜700 KB）B.昆士兰鉴定使用基因型的测序数据与全基因组测序。男性诊断PCR分析验证了8个Y支架，其中一个（Btry4096）包含一个新基因，该基因具有5个外显子，可编码575个氨基酸。Y基因，称为typo-gyf，是X染色体基因gyf（1773 aa）的截短的Y染色体旁系同源物。Y染色体包含约41个错别字，并且表达发生在雄蝇和胚胎中。对13个tephritid转录组的分析证实了Typo-gyf在另外6个Bactrocera物种中的表达，包括Bactrocera latifrons，Bactrocera dorsalis和Bactrocera zonata。分子约会估计错字GYF发展在过去的802万年（95％最高后验密度10.56-5.52亿年）内，与拆分后实蝇油橄榄。系统发育分析还强调了几种小act实之间的复杂进化历史，因为观察到不一致的核（116个基因）和线粒体（13个基因）拓扑。tryY序列可能为将来的转基因插入提供有用的位点，而typo-gyf可以充当许多小杆菌属的Y染色体诊断标记，尽管其功能尚不清楚。