In the brain of holometabolous insects such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the fruitless gene produces sex‐specific gene products under the control of the sex‐specific splicing cascade and contributes to the formation of the sexually dimorphic circuits. Similar sex‐specific gene products of fruitless homologues have been identified in other holometabolous insects such as mosquitoes and a parasitic wasp, suggesting the fruitless‐dependent neural sex‐determination system is widely conserved amongst holometabolous insects. However, it remains obscure whether the fruitless‐dependent neural sex‐determination system is present in basal hemimetabolous insects. To address this issue, identification, characterization, and expression analyses of the fruitless homologue were conducted in the two‐spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, as a model hemimetabolous insect. The Gryllus fruitless gene encodes multiple isoforms with a unique zinc finger domain, and does not encode a sex‐specific gene product. The Gryllus Fruitless protein is broadly expressed in the neurones and glial cells in the brain, and there was no prominent sex‐related difference in the expression levels of Gryllus fruitless isoforms. The results suggest that the Gryllus fruitless gene is not involved in the neural sex‐determination in the cricket brain.

中文翻译：

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昆虫神经性别决定系统的演变：无果的同系物是否会调节基础昆虫的神经性二态性？

在果蝇果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）等全异虫的大脑中，无果基因在性别特异性剪接级联的控制下产生性别特异性基因产物，并有助于形成性二态回路。在其他类代谢昆虫如蚊子和寄生黄蜂中也发现了类似的无果实同源物的性别特异性基因产物，这表明依赖无结果的神经性别决定系统在类代谢昆虫中得到了广泛的保存。然而，仍然没有结果依赖的神经性别决定系统存在于基底半代谢昆虫中。为了解决这个问题，在两点（Gryllus bimaculatus）中，作为模型的半代谢昆虫，对无结果的同源物进行了鉴定，表征和表达分析。所述蟋徒劳基因编码多种亚型具有独特的锌指结构域，并且不编码性别特异性基因产物。该蟋无果而终蛋白在大脑中的神经元的和神经胶质细胞广泛表达，并有中的表达水平没有显着的性别差异有关蟋徒劳的亚型。结果表明，格里洛斯无果 该基因不参与sex脑的神经性别决定。