BACKGROUND Hericium erinaceus, also known as lion's mane mushroom, is a widely distributed edible and medicinal fungus in Asian countries. H. erinaceus harbors diverse bioactive metabolites with anticancer, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and neuroprotective properties. Although the chemical synthesis processes of these bioactive metabolites are known, the biosynthetic processes remain unknown. RESULTS In this study, we obtained the transcriptomes of six H. erinaceus strains using next-generation RNA sequencing and investigated the characteristics of the transcriptomes and biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, especially polysaccharides. The transcriptomes ranged in size from 46.58 to 58.14 Mb, with the number of unigenes ranging from 20,902 to 37,259 across the six H. erinaceus strains. Approximately 60% of the unigenes were successfully annotated by comparing sequences against different databases, including the nonredundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes (KOG) and Swiss-Prot databases. Most of the transcripts were putatively involved in signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, translation, transport and catabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis were identified, and these genes encoded phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose phosphate isomerase (PGI), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), glycoside hydrolase family proteins, glycosyltransferase family proteins and other proteins. Moreover, the putative pathway for the intracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis of H. erinaceus was analyzed. Additionally, the open reading frames (ORFs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were predicted from the transcriptome data of the six strains. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study may facilitate the discovery of polysaccharide biosynthesis processes in H. erinaceus and provide useful information for exploring the secondary metabolites in other members of the Basidiomycetes genus.

中文翻译：

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比较转录组分析揭示了猴头猴多糖的生物合成基础的遗传基础。

背景技术猴头猴也被称为狮子的鬃毛蘑菇，是在亚洲国家中广泛分布的食用和药用真菌。麻疯树具有多种生物活性代谢产物，具有抗癌，免疫调节，抗炎，抗微生物，抗高血压，抗糖尿病和神经保护的特性。尽管这些生物活性代谢物的化学合成过程是已知的，但生物合成过程仍然未知。结果在本研究中，我们使用下一代RNA测序获得了6株麻疯树菌株的转录组，并研究了转录组的特征和生物活性化合物（尤其是多糖）的生物合成。转录组的大小从46.58到58.14 Mb不等，在6个erinaceus菌株中，单基因的数量在20,902至37,259之间。通过将序列与不同数据库进行比较，成功注释了约60％的单基因，包括非冗余（NR），基因本体论（GO），《京都议定书》基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG），用于真核完整基因组的直系同源簇（KOG）和Swiss-Prot数据库。大多数的转录本被认为参与信号转导，碳水化合物代谢，翻译，转运和分解代谢以及氨基酸代谢。鉴定了参与多糖生物合成的基因，这些基因编码了磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（PGM），葡萄糖磷酸异构酶（PGI），UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UGP），糖苷水解酶家族蛋白，糖基转移酶家族蛋白和其他蛋白。此外，H的胞内多糖生物合成的推定途径。erinaceus进行了分析。另外，从这六种菌株的转录组数据预测了开放阅读框（ORF）和简单序列重复（SSR）。结论总的来说，本研究可能有助于在猴头菌中发现多糖生物合成过程，并为探索担子菌属其他成员中的次生代谢产物提供有用的信息。