Understanding and regulation of the interfaces formed between materials and biological systems has been considered as one of the major tasks in nanotechnology, as the bionanointerfaces often exert profound effects on the fates and therapeutic outcomes of nanomaterials. In the last decades, materials with mixed-charge surfaces have witnessed fast development. The oppositely charged units on the materials' surface could work in a charge balanced way or a charge biased way, which offers much more possibilities to the bionanointerfaces than materials with singly charged surface. It has been found out that mixed-charge residues could bring about functionalities such as antifouling ability, pH-sensitivity, self-assemble propensity, thermal sensitivity, and so on. In this review, recent advances in developing mixed-charge bionanointerfaces would be carefully overviewed and the potential applications and challenges of mixed-charge materials in biomedical field will be discussed. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.

中文翻译：

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混合电荷的仿生生物界面：相反的电荷可以协调工作，以应对生物医学应用中的挑战。

了解和调节材料与生物系统之间形成的界面已被视为纳米技术的主要任务之一，因为生物纳米界面通常会对纳米材料的命运和治疗结果产生深远的影响。在过去的几十年中，带有混合电荷表面的材料发展迅速。材料表面上带相反电荷的单元可以以电荷平衡方式或带电偏向方式工作，与具有单电荷表面的材料相比，这为仿生界面提供了更多的可能性。已经发现，混合电荷残渣可以带来诸如防污能力，pH敏感性，自组装倾向，热敏感性等功能。在这篇评论中 我们将仔细概述混合电荷生物纳米界面的最新进展，并讨论混合电荷材料在生物医学领域的潜在应用和挑战。本文归类于：治疗方法和药物发现>新兴技术生物学启发的纳米材料>蛋白质和基于病毒的结构。