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Protease Inhibitors, Saquinavir and Darunavir, Inhibit Oligodendrocyte Maturation: Implications for Lysosomal Stress
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09893-8
Lindsay Festa 1 , Lindsay M Roth 1, 2 , Brigid K Jensen 3 , Jonathan D Geiger 4 , Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto 1 , Judith B Grinspan 2
Affiliation  

Despite the introduction of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART), approximately 30–50% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) will develop a spectrum of measurable neurocognitive dysfunction, collectively called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). While the clinical manifestations of HAND have changed with the advent of ART, certain pathological features have endured, including white matter alterations and dysfunction. The persistence of white matter alterations in the post-ART era suggests that ARV drugs themselves may contribute to HAND pathology. Our group has previously demonstrated that two ARV compounds from the protease inhibitor (PI) class, ritonavir and lopinavir, inhibit oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin protein production. We hypothesized that other members of the PI class, saquinavir and darunavir, could also negatively impact oligodendrocyte differentiation. Here we demonstrate that treating primary rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells with therapeutically relevant concentrations of either ARV drug results in a concentration-dependent inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation in vitro. Furthermore, we show that acidifying endolysosomal pH via a mucolipin transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPML1) agonist provides protection against saquinavir- and darunavir-induced inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation. Moreover, our findings suggest, for the first time, an imperative role of proper endolysosomal pH in regulating OL differentation, and that therapeutic targeting of endolysosomes may provide protection against ARV-induced oligodendrocyte dysregulation.



中文翻译:

蛋白酶抑制剂,沙奎那韦和达芦那韦,抑制少突胶质细胞成熟:对溶酶体应激的影响

尽管引入了抗逆转录病毒 (ARV) 疗法 (ART),但大约 30-50% 的人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 (HIV-1) 患者会出现一系列可测量的神经认知功能障碍,统称为 HIV 相关神经认知障碍 (HAND) )。虽然随着 ART 的出现,HAND 的临床表现发生了变化,但某些病理特征仍然存在,包括白质改变和功能障碍。后 ART 时代白质改变的持续存在表明 ARV 药物本身可能导致手部病变。我们小组之前已经证明,蛋白酶抑制剂 (PI) 类的两种抗逆转录病毒化合物利托那韦和洛匹那韦可抑制少突胶质细胞成熟和髓磷脂蛋白的产生。我们假设 PI 类的其他成员,沙奎那韦和地芦那韦,也可能对少突胶质细胞分化产生负面影响。在这里,我们证明用治疗相关浓度的任一抗逆转录病毒药物治疗原代大鼠少突胶质细胞前体细胞会导致体外少突胶质细胞成熟的浓度依赖性抑制。此外,我们表明通过粘磷脂瞬时受体电位通道 1 (TRPML1) 激动剂酸化内溶酶体 pH 值可防止沙奎那韦和地瑞那韦诱导的少突胶质细胞成熟抑制。此外,我们的研究结果首次表明,适当的内溶酶体 pH 值在调节 OL 分化中的重要作用,并且内溶酶体的治疗靶向可以提供针对 ARV 诱导的少突胶质细胞失调的保护。在这里,我们证明用治疗相关浓度的任一抗逆转录病毒药物治疗原代大鼠少突胶质细胞前体细胞会导致体外少突胶质细胞成熟的浓度依赖性抑制。此外,我们表明通过粘磷脂瞬时受体电位通道 1 (TRPML1) 激动剂酸化内溶酶体 pH 值可防止沙奎那韦和地瑞那韦诱导的少突胶质细胞成熟抑制。此外,我们的研究结果首次表明,适当的内溶酶体 pH 值在调节 OL 分化中的重要作用,并且内溶酶体的治疗靶向可以提供针对 ARV 诱导的少突胶质细胞失调的保护。在这里,我们证明用治疗相关浓度的任一抗逆转录病毒药物治疗原代大鼠少突胶质细胞前体细胞会导致体外少突胶质细胞成熟的浓度依赖性抑制。此外,我们表明通过粘磷脂瞬时受体电位通道 1 (TRPML1) 激动剂酸化内溶酶体 pH 值可防止沙奎那韦和地瑞那韦诱导的少突胶质细胞成熟抑制。此外,我们的研究结果首次表明,适当的内溶酶体 pH 值在调节 OL 分化中的重要作用,并且内溶酶体的治疗靶向可以提供针对 ARV 诱导的少突胶质细胞失调的保护。

更新日期:2019-11-28
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